The Epicureans would put this on their tombstone: I was not. I was. I am not. I do not care.
You will die and you won't care. Why worry about that fact now and ruin your life?
Socrates made another point: do you mind going to sleep at night? What is sleep but the suspension of consciousness? Death is the same. Or there is an afterlife and then you don't need to worry about it.
Also mantis shrimp and naked mole rats. These are all creatures that have evolved a reproducing queen and sterile workers. However, I don't like the definition of calling a colony of such creatures an "organism" because it implies the only purpose of an organism to reproduce. You then end up getting weird edge cases like fig trees and fig wasps being a "single organism." Also, male/female pairs of humans would be a strong angle organism.
Their concept of a "two year old" is completely different from our concept. So though the words may translate the same, it's just a different definition. For them, it's equally weird to think that a child would go through a year of life being "0 years old."
If it was truly identical, i.e. same anatomical and biological features, it would be proof that something had transported them there, and would therefore be a branch of life from Earth.
All life is equally ancient and the pressure of evolution has molded all life for equal amounts of time. (But not necessarily to equal extents as the ability to adapt is itself an evolutionary process.) What we may find is an ancient branch, with some features preserved we don't know about, but also some features adapted for the extreme environment.
This is why I've been playing indie ges almost exclusively lately. The core game play is just so much tighter in a small game vs. AAA games where they implement a huge amount of features.
My prediction: the name will be bought by a competitor. The quality will nose dive in the next 5 years. The brand will be shut down following a fall in sales 5-10 years after that.
How would they actually know (unless there was very specific evidence of something like a lab accident associated with it) that these people were actually the first to fall ill and not just very early infections?
This isn't even true in it's face. The lingua franca the term is derived from was a trading language across different cultures. It was used across the Mediterranean when there was a common language due to geopolitical or religious barriers. The need for such a language has only increased with increased global connectivity and global commerce. This is the same role it's filing in places like the EU, where only a small population speaks it natively, but it's a working language of the central bank and and the European Commission. In India and South Africa, it's lack of a native population has actually helped it maintain it's status, as other potential languages of commerce/government (for example Hindi in India and Afrikaans in SA) are associated negatively with nationalistic political movements for a majority of the population. Even in a country like Vietnam, where you would think a negative history with the United States would discourage it's use, over 50% of its population has some use of it. Overall, I just think it's hard to see any sort of trend of English lessening as a lingua franca.
Sounds like BS to me. Cows would have an environmental impact both by their release of methane when they digest the food they eat, and the hydrocarbons it takes to transport them/their food etc. And the electric power it takes to support them. There's also the issue of opportunity cost, i.e. that farm land could be carbon trapping forest instead. Considering eating beef is much more energy intensive then eating the equivalent vegetarian diet, there's simply no way cattle farm is energy negative just from bacteria taking carbon from the manure.
There are legitimate use cases for reddit interactions. Some of the smaller communities in particular, discussing specific games or health conditions for example, actually are excellent. Most are not that good, however.
There are almost certainly easier solutions that at least mitigate the problem even if it doesn't fully solve the problem. A similar problem might be type 1 diabetes, where an issie with the immune system causes the body attacks the cells which produce insulin. There is no cure for type 1 diabetes. However, now that we understand some of the mechanisms, we can monitor blood sugar levels and artificially regulate them so what was previously a fatal disease is now manageable. If we can figure out similar mechanisms with aging, we can treat it even if we can't completely "cure" it.
No it doesn't, it holds a recipe for creating proteins under specific chemical and biological conditions. If you put human DNA in a chicken egg, it wouldn't hatch a human.
I just don't think it's accurate to say DNA has instructions in the same way a computer does. It's more like a recipe for a chemical reaction. If we expand the definition of a quine away from being self reproducing code and to self reproducing chemical reaction, it seems like things like crystalization or fire could be considered a quine.