On the bottom of
https://brand.uber.com/#our-new-look, they explain the roots of the new icon as well:
01. The Bit
At the center of our app icons is the Bit—the symbol of our technology.
02. Product shape
Surrounding the Bit is a shape that denotes the product and represents the atoms moved by our technology. For the rider app, this shape is a circle.
03. Grid line
To convey the rider story of a trip in progress or the arrival at a destination, a single line connects the Bit with the shape around it.
04. Patterns and colors
Behind the other components is a canvas of color and pattern, another representation of the physical world that symbolizes the cities and people we serve.
EDIT: The leading zeros in the numbered list above were featured on the site. What significance could that hold?