povik

If a model demonstrates being good by winning on prediction markets I may want to ask the same model questions which are too niche to have markets. That said I don't know if niche questions are enough of a revenue stream to be interesting for model providers.

Perhaps they may enforce a knowledge cut-off for information retrieval and price the service based on how recent the cut-off is, and also use the cut-off as a way to guard their advantage on the markets.

Hi, I wrote the Linux kernel drivers for speaker output on the new ARM64 Macs, so I can shed some light on this.

> I wonder how they model the energy output of the speakers.

Simple. The speaker codecs (special made for Apple, but e.g. compatible to https://www.ti.com/product/TAS2764) give you current/voltage measurements you can calculate the power from. It's what they call I/V sense.

> In principle you could have a function that calculates the energy of the spectrum and integrate that over time.

Right. You don't want to do the calculation in frequency domain since that would be wasteful. You can integrate the power of the samples straight away (here by multiplying the instantaneous voltage and current, if we didn't have that, we could at least estimate it by assuming a constant resistance of the speaker coils).

> If you put out too much energy, what do you do? Reduce the overall volume, apply a frequency cutoff, or a low-pass-filter?

You model the coil's temperature. If it comes near a dangerous level, you reduce the volume on the particular speaker. You don't need to worry too much about this since usually you don't hit the limits, you are merely guarding against especially nasty sound input.

> I feel there are so many variables here, and it is going to be hard to replicate what Apple does.

We don't need to replicate what Apple does. Though we are stealing the parameters for the coil temperature model Apple is using (at least for some machines).

> When the next Apple chip comes out, it's back to square one. It's entirely Apple's fault.

That's simply not true.

Source: wrote a couple of drivers for M1 (now upstreamed in mainline Linux) that work without a single change on M1 Pro and M2

Yes, exceptions should be written into the law in the first place. I assume the government is very comfortable with getting to draw the line themselves.

I happen to come from that part of the world where something radically different has been tried out, and will also tell you capitalism is good (considering the alternatives).

Technical nit: if average is 48 hours, median cannot possibly be higher than 96 hours.

How are you so sure? Is the environmental impact of the pet rocket program of his really so significant?

Also at top of the list: “We care about your privacy” (and not that we are required by law to give you these options that follow)

> It seems to me this is simply a statement that an electron is a fermion not a boson, right?

Not really, that's a property of any quantum particle, bosons also. They don't occupy a single point in space like you would imagine classical particles do. They also cannot occupy a single point in space relative to another particle.

> It's a fermion, but why should it be?

Well there's the spin-statistics theorem in quantum field theory which starts from some likely assumptions and then shows that particles with non-integral spin must be fermions while particles with integral spin must be bosons. Other than that I take it simply as an experimental fact. I don't think there's a nice reason for it one could give (today, that is).

> I don't really understand the physics of why electrons don't collapse into the positive nucleus, since positives and negatives should attract

My (student of physics) answer to that would be that they are pretty much collapsed as much as they can. It’s just that under quantum mechanics that least energetic state is not the one in which the electron is perfectly co-localized with the positive charge. (As that perfect co-localization is not even physically attainable.)

Although you can use a lot of latex commands to enter math, which is useful when you are starting with texmacs after exposure to latex

Why would the commentators have a stake in the matter?

Does anyone have a link perhaps to an archived mirror?

> ...as they continue to build a dystopian new world order where only they control everything you can do with your own hardware

Well, the new M1 computers have a built-in ability to run third-party OSes. It is not an oversight but rather something Apple intended to do and spend effort implementing in a way that fits their security model. That they did not provide any hardware documentation to go with it, is another thing.

Well now write that with E-Prime

Don't they, really? I was under the impression that they do implement OS-level sandboxing and the ban on JIT/arbitrary execute is another level of security.

Regarding the FTL acronym:

"To hide the complexity of SSD internals, the controller usually contains a piece of software called an FTL (Flash Translation Layer); the FTL provides the host with a simple block interface and manages all the operations on the flash chips."

...

"A hybrid FTL uses page-level mappings for new data and converts them to block-level mappings when it runs out of mapping cache."

> The psychological boost of everyone wearing their own lovely little custom masks together was really cool and bonding. They were the last connection to the early successful response to covid, when they were deprecated it seemed to be around the time where everyone just sort of gave up.

True. Now that I think of it, it was an interesting time when the masks were first mandated virtually overnight. Back then it was okay to wear a mask which was obviously made from a kitchen towel, then people gradually shifted towards wearing neatly-made ones.

I seem to remember the authors being Czech. This is also suggested by the fact that the Czech website is different from other language variations and gives a Prague address for mail orders. Maybe the developers are in Prague and sales go through Germany.

From what I read on this it is surprising to me that the Russian involvement has not been uncovered earlier.

The two operatives were official visitors to the warehouse at around the time of the incident. Scans of their fake passports have been on file ever since. It seems they could have easily been recognized as GRU operatives at the latest when their faces became public knowledge in 2018.

> Then all of a sudden you have a situation where a living sentient being is paired to an iPhone like some sort of bluetooth speaker.

I think you put your finger on why that part was unsettling.

“saneyaml” would not make for bad PR

The question is about design of chips, not manufacturing. That is quite the difference in the market that has developed.

To nitpick here: You need less than kilogram of electrons to screen a kilogram of protons (roughly 2 grams it seems)

I remember reading that answer and having greater confidence in the language's designers as a result.

No, you are not putting it another way. Achievement is not “exploiting those lesser than themselves”.

> But to think that we know anything about anything is frankly pure arrogance.

It would be arrogant to conflate a model and the subject being modeled, but we have some pretty successful models for physical reality, and you won't bring me to say we don't know anything about it.

Well it's marketing but a descriptive one, so I am okay with playing along.

But then again there is a mechanism already, just not cryptographic, and that is police having to physically seize your device. I guess we don't need to work on this. There's nothing special about an E2E communication device compared to other things you may have in your home.

I would especially like to see a cryptographic mechanism enforcing such middle ground. That is, a mechanism that would allow law enforcement accessing the private key or plain text, but only with some inescapable side effect which would hinder abusing that power. That may be producing a cryptographic "proof of compromise" for the person being spied on, or the spying being publicized, possibly with some delay, or something else. I am searching for an analogue of having police show up for a home search, which would notify both you and your neighbors, and cannot be done sneakily and by-the-book at the same time.

Are there some interesting candidates for such a mechanism? At first is sounds like a long shot, but there are cryptographic mechanisms achieving unintuitive results, so it may very well be possible.