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jashkenas

26,570 karma · joined March 19, 2007

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jashkenas··on Observable’s Not JavaScript
With the gentle caveat that this list of concerns feels fairly low effort — surely, with a little elbow grease, you can think of much more damning complaints! ;) — I'll try to respond in good faith:

1. The non-linearity of the code is really the whole point here. Reactivity means that you wan work on any little piece of the code at any time, and you don't have to reload the page, or re-evaluate the entire notebook. It closes the feedback loop, and speeds up the process of iterating on your ideas immensely.

2. We’ve added more keyboard shortcuts, so you can now "Shift-A" to select every cell, and then press "P" to pin every cell open at once (and then to close them again).

3. The full syntax is just the "Observable JavaScript" described in the OP. The Markdown tagged template literal is part of the standard library, and you can define your own that work just like it. In that sense, the syntax is extensible. For example, here’s a different "pl" tagged template literal that runs Prolog programs: https://observablehq.com/@mbostock/hello-tau-prolog

4. Every notebook is available for download and self-hosting. You can download the code as an ES Module, or as a tarball that you can install with npm, or load and render on a web page: https://observablehq.com/@observablehq/downloading-and-embed...

jashkenas··on Observable’s Not JavaScript
And it kinda is. We provide a parser¹ and a runtime², and you can download a copy of any notebook compiled to a JavaScript module: https://observablehq.com/@observablehq/downloading-and-embed...

That said, we’re explicitly designing for the reactivity of the notebook environment. Working on fundamentally reactive code in a traditional text editor is ... alright, I guess. You’re still stuck reloading the whole enchilada any time you make a change. It’s nowhere near as exciting as working on reactive code in an editor that understands and respects the reactivity, and can keep your program running and re-evaluating as you tweak it!

That said, if you're interested something less notebook-y, check out what Rich Harris is doing with Svelte 3. It's totally a not-so-distant cousin.

1. https://github.com/observablehq/parser

2. https://github.com/observablehq/runtime

jashkenas··on Entropic, a Federated Package Manager for JavaScript
There's an essay version published here: https://github.com/ceejbot/economics-of-package-management/b...

And a video of the talk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MO8hZlgK5zc

jashkenas··on Inferring Chart Type from Autocorrelation and Other Evils
Fair warning, although it may be fixed in short order (or perhaps already has been), the animation in the notebook currently brings Chrome to its knees — but works just fine if you view it in Firefox.
jashkenas··on Svelte 3: Rethinking Reactivity
Congratulations on the launch, Rich! It's looking like we're really starting to approach the form and function of what "a language to build the web" ought to be.

One small question about some of the pragmatic choices in Svelte 3: What was the decision process behind choosing to smuggle the new reactive features under a "standard" JavaScript skin? ($:, export let, etc.) Is it just to avoid needing to rewrite all existing JS tooling — parsing, syntax highlighting, linting — or is there something deeper going on?

jashkenas··on The Most Wonderful Map in the World: Urbano Monte's Planisphere of 1587
Of course not! Go right ahead.
jashkenas··on The Most Wonderful Map in the World: Urbano Monte's Planisphere of 1587
I whipped up a little interactive, high-rez version of the map for you all, here: https://observablehq.com/@jashkenas/urbano-montes-planispher...
jashkenas··on Bar chart race: the most populous cities in the world
This is a Guardian repost of a Financial Times video of a graphic by John Burn-Murdoch.

You can watch (and tinker with, or fork) the original here: https://observablehq.com/@johnburnmurdoch/bar-chart-race-the...

Since last week, folks have forked and published a whole bunch of fun versions, applying the form to different data sets: https://observablehq.com/search?query=Bar%20chart%20race

Some of my favorites are the baseball home run leaders (1), NFL receiving yards leaders (2), and global CO2 emissions leaders (3)...

1. https://observablehq.com/@darenwillman/bar-chart-race

2. https://observablehq.com/@stu/bar-chart-race-nfl-receiving-y...

3. https://observablehq.com/@drsimevans/bar-chart-race-the-coun...

jashkenas··on Some young people are buying houses with friends
Huh? If the landlords are willing to rent it to the tenants for $1200, isn't that literally the market rent?
jashkenas··on Boeing 737 Max pilots complained to feds for months about suspected safety flaw
Great links! Here are the three 737-related ASRS reports that mention MCAS:

ACN: 1597286

"Day 3 of 3 departing in a MAX 8 after a long overnight. I was well rested and had discussed the recent MAX 8 MCAS guidance with the Captain. On departure, we had strong crosswinds (gusts > 30 knots) directly off the right wing, however, no LLWS or Micro-burst activity was reported at the field. After verifying LNAV, selecting gear and flaps up, I set "UP" speed. The aircraft accelerated normally and the Captain engaged the "A" autopilot after reaching set speed. Within two to three seconds the aircraft pitched nose down bringing the VSI to approximately 1,200 to 1,500 FPM. I called "descending" just prior to the GPWS sounding "don't sink, don't sink." The Captain immediately disconnected the autopilot and pitched into a climb. The remainder of the flight was uneventful. We discussed the departure at length and I reviewed in my mind our automation setup and flight profile but can't think of any reason the aircraft would pitch nose down so aggressively."

ACN: 1597380

"It was day three of six for me and day three with very good FO (First Officer). Well rested, great rapport and above average Crew coordination. Knew we had a MAX. It was my leg, normal Ops Brief, plus I briefed our concerns with the MAX issues, bulletin, MCAS, stab trim cutout response etc. I mentioned I would engage autopilot sooner than usual (I generally hand fly to at least above 10,000 ft.) to remove the possible MCAS threat.

Weather was about 1000 OVC drizzle, temperature dropping and an occasional snow flake. I double checked with an additional personal walkaround just prior to push; a few drops of water on the aircraft but clean aircraft, no deice required. Strong crosswind and I asked Tug Driver to push a little more tail east so as not to have slow/hung start gusts 30+.

Wind and mechanical turbulence was noted. Careful engine warm times, normal flaps 5 takeoff in strong (appeared almost direct) crosswind. Departure was normal. Takeoff and climb in light to moderate turbulence. After flaps 1 to "up" and above clean "MASI up speed" with LNAV engaged I looked at and engaged A Autopilot. As I was returning to my PFD (Primary Flight Display) PM (Pilot Monitoring) called "DESCENDING" followed by almost an immediate: "DONT SINK DONT SINK!"

I immediately disconnected AP (Autopilot) (it WAS engaged as we got full horn etc.) and resumed climb. Now, I would generally assume it was my automation error, i.e., aircraft was trying to acquire a miss-commanded speed/no autothrottles, crossing restriction etc., but frankly neither of us could find an inappropriate setup error (not to say there wasn't one).

With the concerns with the MAX 8 nose down stuff, we both thought it appropriate to bring it to your attention. We discussed issue at length over the course of the return to ZZZ. Best guess from me is airspeed fluctuation due to mechanical shear/frontal passage that overwhelmed automation temporarily or something incorrectly setup in MCP (Mode Control Panel). PM's callout on "descending" was particularly quick and welcome as I was just coming back to my display after looking away. System and procedures coupled with CRM (Resource Management) trapped and mitigated issue."

ACN: 1593017

"The recently released 737 MAX8 Emergency Airworthiness Directive directs pilots how to deal with a known issue, but it does nothing to address the systems issues with the AOA system.

MCAS (Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System) is implemented on the 737 MAX to enhance pitch characteristics with flaps UP and at elevated angles of attack. The MCAS function commands nose down stabilizer to enhance pitch characteristics during steep turns with elevated load factors and during flaps up flight at airspeeds approaching stall. MCAS is activated without pilot input and only operates in manual, flaps up flight. The system is designed to allow the flight crew to use column trim switch or stabilizer aisle stand cutout switches to override MCAS input. The function is commanded by the Flight Control computer using input data from sensors and other airplane systems.

The MCAS function becomes active when the airplane Angle of Attack exceeds a threshold based on airspeed and altitude. Stabilizer incremental commands are limited to 2.5 degrees and are provided at a rate of 0.27 degrees per second. The magnitude of the stabilizer input is lower at high Mach number and greater at low Mach numbers. The function is reset once angle of attack falls below the Angle of Attack threshold or if manual stabilizer commands are provided by the flight crew. If the original elevated AOA condition persists, the MCAS function commands another incremental stabilizer nose down command according to current aircraft Mach number at actuation.

This description is not currently in the 737 Flight Manual Part 2, nor the Boeing FCOM, though it will be added to them soon. This communication highlights that an entire system is not described in our Flight Manual. This system is now the subject of an AD.

I think it is unconscionable that a manufacturer, the FAA, and the airlines would have pilots flying an airplane without adequately training, or even providing available resources and sufficient documentation to understand the highly complex systems that differentiate this aircraft from prior models. The fact that this airplane requires such jury rigging to fly is a red flag. Now we know the systems employed are error prone--even if the pilots aren't sure what those systems are, what redundancies are in place, and failure modes.

I am left to wonder: what else don't I know? The Flight Manual is inadequate and almost criminally insufficient. All airlines that operate the MAX must insist that Boeing incorporate ALL systems in their manuals."

jashkenas··on Google Fusion Tables Shutting Down
Yes, I think it's fascinating! It seems to be a new euphemism for "shutdown" that they've been using (perhaps first internally?) for the past year or two.

A few other examples:

https://security.googleblog.com/2018/01/announcing-turndown-...

https://developers.google.com/speed/pagespeed/service/Deprec...

https://plus.google.com/+LesiaSliusarenkoCM/posts/AiyjSfWJjA...

jashkenas··on Observable Playground
There sure is!

Here's the introductory post, explaining how you can download or link Observable notebooks as ES modules, and use the open-source runtime to evaluate notebooks or just render specific cells: https://beta.observablehq.com/@jashkenas/downloading-and-emb...

Here's an example of a toy notebook being embedded on another domain: http://ashkenas.com/breakout/

Finally, because Observable notebooks are of course, themselves, web pages, here's an example of a notebook embedding itself: https://beta.observablehq.com/@jashkenas/ouroboros-a-noteboo...

jashkenas··on If it's not fun anymore, you get nothing from maintaining a popular package
Yep. I submitted it with "Dominic Tarr’s Statement on the hacker hijacking of the event-stream NPM module", which was as descriptive of a title as I could think of quickly.

It looks like the moderators have dinged the submission and changed it to: "If it's not fun anymore, you get nothing from maintaining a popular package" ... which I think we can all agree is generic, and fails to make the connection to the big news of the day.

It may just be whispering into the wind, but if the mods are listening — how about "Dominic Tarr: statement on event-stream compromise", which uses the Gist's description, and helps folks know what this link is all about?

jashkenas··on Against the Current: What We Learned from Eve
I know, right? Transcripts are a beautiful thing.

Fortunately, in this case, the page is being generated by a simple function that reads the YouTube format — so you can paste in the text, and create (and quickly publish) a transcript for any YouTube video you please:

https://beta.observablehq.com/@jashkenas/youtube-transcriber

jashkenas··on Chile unveils Patagonian Route of Parks hiking trail
Some corrections to this misleading article:

It's not a hiking trail. It's, in part, a "rebranding" of the existing Carretera Austral (a previously dirt highway built under the orders of Augusto Pinochet, now partially paved), combined with a tour ship cruise (between Tortel and Puerto Natales), and then a "rebranding" of Highway 9 down to Punta Arenas, and perhaps another cruise from there to Cabo de Hornos.

There is a Sendero de Chile (Chilean Trail) project, started by the government in 2000, which would have been a hiking trail that extends the full length of Chile. But that's a different plan, and has unfortunately been stalled...

The big Tompkins/Buckley bought-and-donated National Park, Corcovado, was established in 2005, and still has no access to the public available: there are no roads there, and no trails.

In the newer Tompkins park, Yendegaia, the Chilean government has begun to build a road through it. Access to the public is still limited.

His first park, Pumalín, was operated as a publicly-accessible private nature reserve from 1991, when Tompkins purchased the initial estate, until two years after his death, in 2017, when his widow finally turned over the reserve to the national park service.

The "Route of Parks" rebranding "es una propuesta de Tompkins Conservation" (is an initiative of the Tompkins Conservation foundation).

In my opinion, although it's wonderful what the end result of the Tompkins/Buckley efforts to conserve this land has been — let's not ignore the ugliness of how it happened. Wealthy American businessmen buying large swaths of the most spectacular parts of a South American country, using them as a private retreat during their lifetimes, and then turning them over posthumously, is not really a model to be idealized.

To flip the scenario: How would you feel if Jack Ma had bought Yosemite in 1991, set up the valley as a private retreat, lived down in the Ahwahnee until his death, and had his widow donate it to the federal government?

Edit:

For more context, two of the best-written, most balanced, English-language pieces on the Tompkins legacy and controversies are both from the Atlantic:

Eden: A Gated Community (1999) https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1999/06/eden-a-...

The Entrepreneur Who Wants to Save Paradise (2014) https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2014/09/the-ent...

jashkenas··on How America Killed Transit
Could have, can go, and most certainly do! It's spelled m-o-t-o-r-c-y-c-l-e.

And it's a wonderful way to get around both city and country. Motorbikes reduce overall traffic, can fit about 8-10 vehicles into a car parking footprint, have generally low fuel emissions (and can be even lower — lots of new small bikes get ~80 mpg in real world use), and never have trouble finding parking.

Speaking for myself, it makes commuting from the East Bay into San Francisco, not just tolerable, but something to look forward to. 21-25 minutes door to door at peak rush hour; park for free; the view from the bridge is superb.

Of course, the danger of cruising through a flood of slow-moving, angry, distracted, stop-and-go car traffic is considerable — but there's good reason to think (CA CHP motorcycle cop accident statistics) that it doesn't have to be much more dangerous than driving in the first place.

jashkenas··on Facebook’s patents show a commitment to collecting personal information
I'm afraid I don't have a link to one — but I'd certainly love to see a piece that focuses on Google's portfolio. Even better would be a bigger, more comprehensive project that compares Facebook's patents to Google's, qualitatively. Both companies stand apart from the rest of the tech giants in their possession of enough personal data to exploit these patents — it would be fascinating to see if a trend or a significant difference could be discovered in the types of personal surveillance they're describing.
jashkenas··on Facebook’s patents show a commitment to collecting personal information
Hey folks,

I helped out a little with this piece. Aside from being happy to answer questions — I want to share a few bonus interesting Facebook patents that didn't quite make the final cut:

In "Systems and methods for directing messages based on social data" (https://patents.google.com/patent/US20180041464A1/en), Facebook talks about creating "user influence scores" as a metric of your reputation on the social network. It talks about how, "the user influence score can be decreased when the sender is reported to be associated ... with undesired content." Or can be decreased when your friends are "reported to be associated with undesired content."

In "Multi-Factor Location Verification" (https://patents.google.com/patent/US20170261590A1/en), Facebook ponders how to accurately track your location when you have your phone's GPS turned off. The phone can ping nearby RFID readers, NFC systems, see a nearby Bluetooth device, or the MAC address of your router, or the wifi SSID. But that's the easy stuff — what if you have your phone turned off entirely? The patent discusses tracking your location based on your calendar events, concert tickets, and dinner reservations: “A location determination method may include advanced knowledge of the user's intended or estimated location, such as a reservation for an event at a particular time (e.g. restaurant, theater, concert…)”.

In "Identifying users of client devices for tracking user interactions..." (https://patents.google.com/patent/US20170353564A1/en), Facebook discusses the problem of shared computers, where different family members may use the same web browser, and therefore the same tracking cookies. The patent discusses how to feed the web browsing and activity data into a "user identity matching module", which figures out which Facebook profile to attach the activity log to based on what you're doing online. Shopping for motorcycle parts? Log it for the husband. Dora the explorer? Probably the kid. Works just as well when you're logged out.

If you guys have any favorite mildly disturbing personal surveillance patents — please share! They're fun to collect.

And in related news — this piece running this weekend turned out to have interesting timing. This week the Supreme Court ruled, somewhat tangentially, on digital privacy, in Carpenter v. United States. The narrow majority opinion held that your cell phone tower location data should not be available to government search without a warrant. The five justices wrote about 24/7 location tracking: "Only the few without cell phones could escape this tireless and absolute surveillance."

And then some of the even more interesting argumentation came in the dissents — especially Gorsuch's.

He seems to want to develop an even stronger constitutional protection for personal data, throwing out the current "third party doctrine", and rooting it instead in a more expansive reading of the Fourth Amendment. He writes: "Can the government demand a copy of all your e-mails from Google or Microsoft without implicating your Fourth Amendment rights?" And "Just because you entrust your data — in some cases, your modern-day papers and effects — to a third party may not mean you lose any Fourth Amendment interest in its contents."

I know it's wishful thinking, but I'd love to see a day when "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures..." covered all of the personal data hoards that Facebook and Google have amassed.

jashkenas··on Some Notes for License Submitters
Since there appears to be interest (hurrah!), some highlights from the thread:

Perens: "There are already too many Open Source licenses. If we never accepted another, that would not be a particularly bad thing."

http://lists.opensource.org/pipermail/license-review_lists.o...

Mitchell: "Plain English legal drafting is making inspiring headway, as a craft. Open source licensing shouldn't cut itself out of the benefits."

http://lists.opensource.org/pipermail/license-review_lists.o...

Tzeng: "It strikes me that there's no real reason for the rest of us to bother being here if the "old hands" decide what to do regardless of the consensus of the list. Evidently any license submission can be delayed indefinitely."

http://lists.opensource.org/pipermail/license-review_lists.o...

Randall: "But, one thing open source and free software have demonstrated is that chaotic, rowdy groups of humans can accomplish amazing things together, even despite (and sometimes because of) all their imperfections. Please be patient with us, but persistent. I promise you will get an answer."

http://lists.opensource.org/pipermail/license-review_lists.o...

Perens: "There aren't that many actually useful variations on the licenses that actually pass the OSD. There are actually only three useful licenses, a gift-style, a sharing-with-rules-style, and something in between. Given Affero and GPL3 terms on those three, essentially all purposes for Open Source can be carried out. All else is embellishment."

http://lists.opensource.org/pipermail/license-review_lists.o...

Villa: "I'm pretty sure that, contra Bruce, it isn't OSI's position that open source needs to stay forever trapped in amber, but a reasonable outside observer (like Kyle!) could certainly conclude otherwise."

http://lists.opensource.org/pipermail/license-review_lists.o...

Fontana: "I'm generally struck by how conservative, technically and perhaps legally clueless and hidebound contemporary proprietary software license agreements tend to be - though not in the same way as open source licenses, which are vulnerable to similar criticisms."

http://lists.opensource.org/pipermail/license-review_lists.o...

Perens (quoting): " > A bolder new license might consider: What does an economically viable open source look like?

My usual answer for this is that if you have to ask how you're going to make money, you're the wrong person to make Open Source. Nowhere in the mission of OSI is any mandate to provide authors with a viable business method."

http://lists.opensource.org/pipermail/license-review_lists.o...

Mitchell: "Hacker-types still favor MIT/BSD over Apache 2.0. Facebook followed suit after the PATENTS tragicomedy. If you don't trust FSF---or OSI for that matter---and you don't have a legal department large enough for an open licensing wonk, you want a license you can read. You want a purpose-built tool that directly expresses your purpose, and little more."

http://lists.opensource.org/pipermail/license-review_lists.o...

Perens: "We are asking of you only one thing. Go forth and use your license. We are not stopping you. Just don't call it Open Source."

http://lists.opensource.org/pipermail/license-review_lists.o...

jashkenas··on Jupyter Receives the ACM Software System Award
Fantastic list!

I'd encourage you to give https://beta.observablehq.com a try. From all of your points — aside from a statically typed language and editing in your normal IDE — we try to hit that target on the nose.

Every cell is only reevaluated when any of its inputs changes, inline and custom graphical representations can render your live data — and even be used as values to be passed themselves as inputs to other cells. For a very simple example, see: https://beta.observablehq.com/@mbostock/d3-brushable-scatter...

jashkenas··on API and Other Platform Product Changes
Seconded. For those of us without Facebook accounts, it would be lovely if someone wouldn't mind pasting (or gist'ing) the content of the OP, please.

Edit: Thanks, @vichu.

jashkenas··on Introducing TensorFlow.js: Machine Learning in JavaScript
For folks who want to immediately play around with this — I've ported over the sentiment analysis example to an Observable notebook, so you can just edit the code directly:

https://beta.observablehq.com/@jashkenas/sentiment-analysis-...

... or just have fun watching it analyze random Metacritic reviews of ”The Last Jedi”.

jashkenas··on Ask HN: What are you working on and why is it cool?
A magic notebook for the web.

http://ObservableHQ.com

Why is it cool?

* Every cell is live, reactive code that re-evaluates automatically whenever any of its inputs do. This includes awaiting promises and yielding new values from (potentially async) generators.

* A notebook can import and reuse any cell from any other published notebook.

* You have access to all of the computational goodies that the web platform gives you: graphics capabilities with <canvas> and <svg>, the GPU, the world's largest open source library with npm, and web APIs.

It's been interesting thinking about what it would mean to have a read/write medium for the web — where you're working with live values, and not in a "dead code" text editor. For just a teeny hint of some of the possibilities, check out Tom's autocompletion gif: https://twitter.com/tmcw/status/966073331207233536

jashkenas··on At My Lai: The Photographer Who Captured the Massacre
For firsthand testimony by American soldiers involved in similar operations — I cannot recommend Winter Soldier, the 1972 documentary film, highly enough.

It's something that every American adult deserves to see.

Part 1: http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x67rpbi

Part 2: http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x681bui

In short: The film records a 1971 Vietnam Veterans Against the War event in Detroit, where dozens of veterans spoke in public, to the media and on the record, for the first time, about war crimes that they had seen and taken part in, just months or years before.

jashkenas··on Digg Reader is planning to shut down on March 26
And so the wheel turns...

Some choice quotes from the launch of Digg Reader:

> "Free products on the Internet don’t have a great track record. They tend to disappear, leaving users in a lurch. We need to build a product that people can rely on and trust will always be there for them." [0]

From a Wired slobbery puff piece:

> "The Digg team certainly has a shot at cracking that nut; their progress so far is astonishing, and their relentless enthusiasm makes you almost believe they can accomplish anything. But they also might melt the wax on their wings, come crashing down into the hard crust of the real world, and lose an astonishing amount of money. It almost doesn’t matter." [1]

From Gizmodo:

> "Where Google set us adrift, Digg threw us a life-preserver. While it's exciting to see what the future might hold, right now, it's nice enough just to have our heads above water." [2]

And the prize for winning HN comment from 2013 goes to @nothxbro:

> "It looks good, but I am wary of using any of these guys stuff based on how fast they 'pivot' and shut things down." [3]

0: http://blog.digg.com/post/49264812779/were-still-learning

1: https://www.wired.com/2013/06/inside_digg_reader/

2: https://gizmodo.com/digg-reader-hands-on-your-google-reader-...

3: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5894290

jashkenas··on Show HN: RoughJS – Create hand-drawn graphics using JavaScript
This is a very fun library. Following the tip in these comments from @bcjordan to repeatedly re-render, I've forked a little physics notebook by Jim Bumgardner apply Rough.js to the circle rendering:

https://beta.observablehq.com/@jashkenas/tumble-wheel-with-r...

Wheee.

Edit: Too much fun. Here's another: https://beta.observablehq.com/@jashkenas/scratchy-eyes

jashkenas··on Standardizing lessons learned from AMP
Happy to provide, buddy:

http://myfreebingocards.com/bingo-card-generator/results/w5z...

Bingo!

jashkenas··on Standardizing lessons learned from AMP
Just for kicks, folks, let's collect all of the adjectives, adverbs and qualifiers used in this post to describe ~AMP:

    * a leading format
    * consistently excellent
    * invest strongly in ...
    * well-lit
    * user-first
    * instant-loading
    * tightly-integrated
    * highly-optimized
    * great
    * well-lit
    * great
    * well documented
    * easily deployable
    * validatable
    * opinionated about user-first principles
    * fast development
    * constant adjustment
    * more important than ever before
    * invest strongly in ...
    * engaging storytelling experiences
    * pushing the boundaries
    * deep integrations
    * well under way
    * super excited
    * instant-loading
    * well-lit
    * great
    * continue to invest heavily in ...
    * continue to innovate on ...
    * incredibly excited
    * can't wait
I'm imagining a Dilbert cartoon, where this list is a cheatsheet of things you can say about your project to get approval from your pointy-haired boss...
jashkenas··on The Building Blocks of Interpretability
Thanks for the answer – I really appreciate it.
jashkenas··on The Building Blocks of Interpretability
Hi Chris!

(Apologies if it's putting you too much on the spot, but I'm actually curious in hearing about this...)

My question for you is how you personally navigate the ethical issues that are raised by today's news about Google working with the U.S. military to help classify imagery from drone footage. (1) (2)

In your tweet about this paper, you write:

It qualitatively changes the questions we can ask. One basic example:

neuron 426 fired ~= useless

[floppy ear] fired = very interesting!

But one can just as easily imagine:

neuron 183 fired ~= useless

[young man fleeing] fired = very interesting!

Are there conversations within Google Brain about the appropriate applications of this research you can share with us? Do you feel like this class of military technology is going to be developed one way or the other, so there's no use in worrying about speeding it along?

1: https://gizmodo.com/google-is-helping-the-pentagon-build-ai-...

2: https://theintercept.com/2018/03/06/google-is-quietly-provid...

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