Great quotes.
194 karma · joined December 11, 2022
Meanwhile, "Noriega was incarcerated in the Federal Correctional Institution, Miami.
Under Article 85 of the Third Geneva Convention, Noriega was considered a prisoner of war, despite his conviction for acts committed prior to his capture by the "detaining power" (the U.S.). This status meant that he had his own prison cell, furnished with electronics and exercise equipment. His cell was nicknamed "the presidential suite".
...In August 2007, a U.S. federal judge approved the French government's request to extradite Noriega to France after his release. Noriega appealed his extradition because he claimed France would not honor his legal status as a prisoner of war. Though Noriega had been scheduled to be released in 2007, he remained incarcerated while his appeal was pending in court. The Supreme Court of the United States refused to hear his appeal in January 2010, and in March declined a petition for a rehearing. Two days after the refusal, the District Court for the Southern District of Florida in Miami lifted the stay that was blocking Noriega's extradition."
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Noriega#Prosecution_a...
The phenomenon that a lot of American credit unions now advertise and compete with the capital markets (for where to get money from, or where to invest it) and with interstate banks, or that farm-credit nonprofits compete with nationwide programs, is an unanticipated and relatively recent legal development (and most interstate banking holding companies themselves are only 40-50 years old - before that, they couldn't coordinate across state lines).
The wider phenomenon that it sometimes seems like "everybody with the choice to do so" is merging into the fast lane due to red tape and other incentives is partially sampling bias, but even if it's true I don't consider it to provide proof that we should get rid of any remaining slow lanes. Probably we need more specific types of slow lanes, some of which will let you switch lanes later but cost you the back taxes.
There are many different nonprofit tax code section 501 types already, but I don't think that nonprofit status itself is a very well tailored conceptual solution to answer "what kind of slow lanes are useful nowadays?"
There are many commons and cooperative options that are hard to shoehorn into 501(c)(3). It would be nice to have some social benefit activities protected from taxation even in otherwise-taxable cooperatives. While some American state legislatures have enacted a "Low Profit Limited Liability Corporation" or L3C status available, the first thing you learn about it is that it is no different in tax status from any other LLC. HM Government in the UK offers a CIC or Community Interest Company business model, and this requires all profits to be reinvested for the benefit of a geographical area designated by the enterprise, and has an asset lock so that its possessions cannot be distributed to shareholders, although there can be shares traded -- all of which might be steps in a promising direction. But again there is no tax exemption (partial or total) for which these social enterprises are specifically eligible.
The Commissioners' Plan which griddified Manhattan was not until 1811 -- but tens of thousands of square miles were already being rapidly surveyed into townships, sections, and ranges, which lend themselves to further square subdividing, after an act of congress back in 1785.[1]
As a fun side note, 19th Century Philadelphia invented the process of adding street numbers to its existing grid using 100-to-a-block addressing, and was also the first American city to add the hundred-block to street signs.
[1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Ranges
[2] https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-09-16/the-jeffe...
[3] https://dougalleninstitute.org/archives/10148/
[4] https://www.ncesc.com/geographic-pedia/what-is-the-philadelp...
After additional economic theory development, "People are said to seek rents when they try to obtain benefits for themselves through the political arena."
"But why do economists use the term “rent” [for a market benefit that is being sought outside the market mechanism]? Unfortunately, there is no good reason."
[all] https://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/RentSeeking.html
Once those two terms are understandably conflated, and a commenter showed you their example of inheriting the right to some rental real estate, the terminological clarity in the discussion is more or less gone.
"In sociology, the third place refers to the social surroundings that are separate from the two usual social environments of home ("first place") and the workplace ("second place")."
304. Duration of copyright: Subsisting copyrights
(a) Copyrights in Their First Term on January 1, 1978.—
(1)(A) Any copyright, in the first term of which is subsisting on January 1, 1978, shall endure for 28 years from the date it was originally secured.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_busiest_airports_by_...
It's positive to believe that places where creativity happened and was on display and at least nominally prized were places that need to continue in some form or fashion. I agree with you that the form and fashion may just be less visible now to these people wherever it has moved on to, now.
Riffing on your last remark, the federal labor statistics list of Ohio occupations with the highest location quotients (prevalence in that area divided by prevalence of the same occupation nationwide) still shows machine tools related professions near the top. Surely that cluster of expertise would be in even greater demand if the national economy were to grow in that direction.
May 2022
Engine and Other Machine Assemblers 4.21
Multiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 3.79
Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic 3.23
Forging Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 2.99
Heat Treating Equipment Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 2.91
Tool and Die Makers 2.81
Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 2.75
Sewers, Hand 2.71
Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 2.70
Model Makers, Metal and Plastic 2.64
https://www.postandcourier.com/aikenstandard/opinion/editori...
Most readers are aware they were a research and advocacy organization that became (in the sense that public benefit tax-free nonprofit groups and charitable foundations normally have no possibility of granting anyone equity ownership nor exclusive rights to their production) a corporation by creating one; but some of the board members are implied by the parent comment to be from NGO-type backgrounds.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mere,_Wiltshire#Notable_peop...
In a large enough geography there can of course be both dynamics at play.
If a place's population increased and the impoverished population shot up, then, at first, it would give me pause that perhaps people were getting stuck there. It wouldn't be the first time that brain drain happened in advance of urban retooling and job loss. Witness the great brain drain from the rural US into inner city manufacturing neighborhoods while factory jobs were already beginning to leave those city centers. The successful cities of England's North endured something similar at the same postwar moment in their much longer history.
That Texas keeps showing this behavior of parallel growth in popularity and poverty for decades on end, though, makes much more explanatory the latter idea -- that e.g. metropolitan San Antonio is popular and a ladder for the underdogs of both the American economy and several Central American ones. California had a very similar and bipartisan growth dynamic in the 1910s-1980s before some Californians started pulling up the ladder behind them. Would be interesting to see a trajectory of housing costs near job growth in that state over time and whether land offers Texas any real buffer against such a trajectory.