Edit: This is wrong. This is a particle filter, another type of Bayesian filter. I can't delete now, so please downvote to hide.
I made a Kalman Filter visualization[1] last year to learn more about them. It's amazing to see how good a result you can get from very poor sensor data.
In the visualization, a lawnmower (green dot) is tracked (blue circle) using triangulation. The distance sensors have very low accuracy (grey regions). When the mower reaches the edge of the yard, its position and velocity are randomized, but the filter is not told, so it has to reacquire.
Maybe you could ask participants to rank their proficiencies in a collection of skills. Then they could be tested on some or all of those skills to see if their ranking is correct.
I did that too, though in BASIC on a TI-83+. When I showed it to my math teacher, she said that I could use the program on any future homework and tests as long as I turned in a paragraph explaining step-by-step how the program worked.
The purpose of the right against self-incrimination is to prevent forced confessions and torture. With that in mind, it makes sense to draw a line between compelling someone to provide their fingerprint or DNA and forcing someone to divulge something they know. When the state has the right to make someone talk, how does it go about it? Also, it's impossible to know whether someone actually knows the passcode to a device, so someone could end up imprisoned indefinitely just for forgetting a password.
I recently wanted to read a five page paper on graph theory from 1977. The company entrusted with it 40 years ago is charging $38 for it. It is just absurd. I can't imagine that the author, now long dead, would have wanted his work to be so difficult to read.
It's funny that you mention vesselmancy. As an early adopter of e-ink, I had to endure years of talk about how e-ink will never smell or feel like a real book. I'm the opposite of the person who ordered the leatherbound Encyclopedia Britannica. I bought an early ereader and put all my books in the attic!
Phone displays and computer screens are just fine for reading text, but the fact that you completely discount the value of e-ink makes me wonder if you've seen a recent e-ink display in person. The advantages really become apparent at the extremes: bright sunlight or dim rooms in the evening. Also, the ergonomics of reading on a phone or a computer are not great for books and long articles. It's no coincidence that e-readers tend to be about the size of paperback books. Tablets are better, but they are more expensive, more fragile and more power-hungry.
The problem demands a technocratic answer, but it's an emotional issue. Candidates could endorse incentives for companies to pay more tax (Clinton has, quietly[1]), but that would not satisfy voters who want to see companies shamed and punished.
I witnessed a scam similar to "Horse Trading" while playing Team Fortress 2. In the game, players can wear cosmetic items. It's just for fun, but the items can still be worth tens or even hundreds of dollars.
A player joined the server that I was playing on and after a bit asked if anyone had a certain low-value hat. He said that he was willing to pay the equivalent of $20 for it. No one did (no doubt he had made sure before asking.) He left the server and a few minutes later another player joined wearing that exact hat! A bidding war began and the second player left approximately $10 richer.
When correcting students on the use of 'impacted,' my high school English teacher would say, "Feces are impacted; you are affected." For the rest of my life, seeing the word 'impacted' will always recall that visceral mental image.
It seems consistent with statements by Clinton and other government officials, "Maybe the back door isn't the right door, and I understand what Apple and others are saying about that. I just think there's got to be a way, and I would hope that our tech companies would work with government to figure that out." They create the requirement and tech companies have to find the least bad way to comply.
I wonder what that means for software like Google Chrome. Chrome would need to send the parameters of every SSL session to Google on the chance that the FBI requires Google to decrypt it.
Your personal experience doesn't comport with the findings of sleep researchers. Later work or school start times correlate with increased sleep. This is due to biological influences on behavior (people feel tired at night and go to bed.) To take your argument ad absurdum, if your job had started at 6pm, would you have gone to bed at 11am?
The Touch ID module hashes fingerprints as part of its scanning process, so the representation of a fingerprint would be of limited use if stolen. In addition, the hashes are stored within hardware that is not accessible by the iPhone's processor, so liberating the hash from the phone would require physical access and sophisticated tools.
> Economics is such a complicated system that the expert opinions have long been biased toward the 'opinion' side
> A physical model of network effects that presents phase transitions gives us a view into the underlying reality.
Here, imperfect mental models (aka opinions) are replaced by imperfect computational models. There's nothing inherently superior about this model just because it has been translated into code. It should be regarded as a tool to understand the consequences of the assumptions that went into its design. If those assumptions are unsound, the model is unsound and will not reflect real economic systems.
It would be more accurate to call r/DataIsBeautiful a collection of people passionate about data visualization + 5.2 million people who were automatically subscribed when they joined Reddit. It was made a default subreddit and now most of the posts are simple line graphs which support a popular opinion or ideology.
TLS connections that implement forward secrecy are not vulnerable to this type of attack. According to SSL Labs, about half of all sites now support forward secrecy.
That idea works in theory, but in practice it makes comments a popularity contest. Eventually, people with minority opinions figure out that their ideas are unpopular and leave or stop commenting. The end result is monoculture. A great illustration of this phenomenon is Reddit's politics subreddit. In theory, it is a place to discuss American politics. In practice, its discussion is almost entirely centered around a single candidate from one party. The downvote button windowed the community and then winnowed it again until a political atom remained.
I'm sure that you're right. One of the first actions by Britain at the start of WWI was to cut Germany's undersea telegraph cables.
(Except for one which was under Britain's control. Germany ill-advisedly continued to send messages using this cable, confident in their encryption techniques. This led to the interception of the Zimmerman telegram which contributed to the United States' entry into the war.)
There is another passwordless system called SQRL which is automated and more secure. From the user's perspective, they scan a QR code or click a browser extension and are signed into the site. Behind the scenes, a cryptographic challenge (a response URL + nonce) is presented to the user's phone or browser extension. The client signs the challenge using a per-site private key and sends the result to the provided URL.
The bottom being an exceptionally safe and rapid form of transportation. As someone who is willing to endure mild discomfort in return for $20-$100, I welcome this new option.
I expect to own my operating system in the same way that a tenant owns the interior of building. The landlord cannot walk into the home uninvited. The landlord cannot install cameras or listening devices in the home. As Justice Roberts said in Riley v. California (which also applies to computers, surely), "Modern cell phones are not just another technological convenience. With all they contain and all they may reveal, they hold for many Americans 'the privacies of life.'"
I was shocked and very worried when ads for Microsoft Office started popping up in the Action Center (10's centralized notification area) last year. When I wrote about my concerns on a Windows forum, most pf the responses were along the lines of, "why are you complaining, Windows 10 is free." If people no longer feel that they own their operating systems, then there is no check on Microsoft's behavior. Inevitably, ads will become personalized and telemetry that Microsoft now uses to improve the operating system will be used to improve ads. The challenges to privacy that we currently experience online will expand to the desktop.
This is newsworthy because the island exists within an area of overlapping territorial claims. The installation of the missiles is an escalation in an ongoing dispute.
The headline that the Post chose seems intentionally vague. I also didn't see any quote supporting the idea that scientists are 'floored.' One scientist was quoted as saying, "It's a very interesting time." A more accurate headline would be, "Scientists find that the Arctic is warming much faster than other regions."
There is a surprising phenomenon in microeconomics called the Alchian–Allen effect[1]. Quoting from Wikipedia, "[W]hen the prices of two substitute goods, such as high and low grades of the same product, are both increased by a fixed per-unit amount such as a transportation cost or a lump-sum tax, consumption will shift toward the higher-grade product. This is true because the added per-unit amount decreases the relative price of the higher-grade product." The quality of Japanese produce could be due to the effect of the higher prices on consumer decision-making rather than any advantages of small-scale farming.
I wouldn't read too much into the fundraising emails as they're designed to attract donations from people already intending to vote for the candidate. The race leader has an incentive to minimize their advantage or even pretend to be on the defensive so that people will feel the need to donate.