26 karma · joined March 20, 2013
https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2016-08-24/are-index...
Simple example: consider a helicopter in cruise. Fuel is burned to produce thrust. There is an insignificant component of that thrust vector pointed orthogonal to the vector of velocity. Since drag by definition acts along the same vector as velocity, not all the energy is being used to counteract drag.
Back to an aeroplane in straight and level, since that's a more interesting example. Let's assume that the direction of travel of the aircraft is normal to the plane of the propeller, so thrust is acting on the same plane as drag, in this idealized situation. Energy is added to the system in the form of thrust created by the prop. Said thrust is used to maintain the amount of kinetic energy of the aircraft. At the same time, this kinetic energy is being transformed into both lift and drag by the wings (and elevators, depending on how far aft the cog is) ergo not all the energy added to the system is used to counteract drag.
Imagine if the airfoil on an aeroplane were replaced with a symmetrical airfoil mounted with no angle of incidence. Thrust could be reduced because there's less drag from no lift. No lift, no induced drag, only parasitic drag, and the plane starts to lose altitude. Would you agree that not all the energy added to straight and level flight goes towards counteracting drag?
*where a' and v' are zero, and where for argument's sake, the thrust vector is perfectly horizontal
edit: by a' I mean change in vertical airspeed, by v' i mean change in true airspeed.
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/forces.html
Lift requires energy, usually kinetic, like the forward motion of an aeroplane being converted to lift (and drag) via the wings, or the blades of a helicopter pushing air down, or real hot and fast gases pointed downwards (think harrier jump jet).
A blimp, on the other hand, relies on buoyancy for lift, so yeah, in that case, given an altitude at which it's stable, to maintain velocity it only needs to add enough thrust to counteract the drag created by its forward movement.
Other side of the coin
I also like to try and impose a rule of not touching the brakes unless absolutely necessary, and using 20% throttle input at most, that helps with the whole dampening thing.
One last caveat: these techniques only really work for freeways/highways in the developed world. The tragedy of the commons phenomenon is on a whole nother level in places like India or China (se asia in general) or a lot of Latin America or even sixth avenue.
I think in this case the charitable reading would be to not caveat it with ceteris paribus
*more keystrokes but same time spoken, as the natural speech cadence is faster. Can't remember source right now.
This sums it up pretty well: http://bsix12.com/east-meets-west/