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leecoursey

220 karma · joined July 6, 2011

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leecoursey··on Portage and Path Dependence
Abstract: We examine portage sites in the U.S. South, Mid-Atlantic, and Midwest, including those on the fall line, a geomorphological feature in the southeastern U.S. marking the final rapids on rivers before the ocean. Historically, waterborne transport of goods required portage around the falls at these points, while some falls provided water power during early industrialization. These factors attracted commerce and manufacturing. Although these original advantages have long since been made obsolete, we document the continuing importance of these portage sites over time. We interpret these results as path dependence and contrast explanations based on sunk costs interacting with decreasing versus increasing returns to scale.
leecoursey··on Startup is about to install bladeless rooftop wind turbines on box buildings
Oh, dear. I read as far as "Its generator system is a rotor-stator system with a highly efficient 5 kW permanent magnet generator", then immediately thought of the Turbo Encabulator:

https://youtu.be/Ac7G7xOG2Ag?si=WSdQIhyki2IDzqVm

leecoursey··on Microsoft starts testing ads in the Windows 11 Start menu
Unfortunately, investors in publicly-traded companies don't reward size, they reward GROWTH. And apparently, placing ads in a space with lots of eyeballs and no existing ads looks like tempting low-hanging fruit to every organization sooner or later.
leecoursey··on Epigrams in Programming (1982) [pdf]
This reminds me a lot of "Bumper Sticker Computer Science" from Programming Pearls (1985):

https://moss.cs.iit.edu/cs100/Bentley_BumperSticker.pdf

leecoursey··on FTC authorizes compulsory process for AI-related products and services
I had a conversation with ChatGPT about this announcement to help me understand it better. I found it helpful (seriously,) so I'm posting a link to the chat here. Apologies if this sort of thing is inappropriate for a comment thread on HN. Let me know if it's uncool and I won't do it again:

https://chat.openai.com/share/635b8198-166b-4c53-abb5-7d4050...

leecoursey··on Drought in Brazil's Amazon reveals ancient engravings
I pasted the title of this post into DALL-E 3 and got this: https://www.bing.com/images/create/drought-in-brazil27s-amaz...
leecoursey··on Ask HN: Can someone ELI5 transformers and the “Attention is all we need” paper?
I asked GPT (via Bing) for a five paragraph explanation. Here's what it wrote:

Sure, I'll try to explain what a transformer is in the context of AI tools like ChatGPT, and what attention references in this context. Here is a five paragraph explanation:

*Paragraph 1: What is a transformer?* A transformer is a type of neural network that can process sequential data, such as natural language text, by learning the context and meaning of the data elements. A neural network is a computer program that can learn from data and perform tasks such as classification, regression, generation, etc. A transformer can take an input sequence, such as a sentence or a paragraph, and convert it into another sequence, such as a translation or a summary. A transformer can also generate sequences from scratch, such as writing a poem or a story.

*Paragraph 2: How does a transformer work?* A transformer works by using two main components: encoders and decoders. An encoder takes an input sequence and converts it into a vector representation called an encoding. A decoder takes an encoding and converts it back into an output sequence. Both the encoder and the decoder use a technique called attention to focus on the relevant parts of the input and output sequences. Attention is a way of measuring how much each element in a sequence influences or depends on another element.

*Paragraph 3: What is attention?* Attention is a mathematical technique that allows a transformer to learn the relationships between the elements in a sequence. For example, in a machine translation task, attention allows the transformer to translate words like 'it' into the correct gender in another language by looking at all the relevant words in the original sentence. Attention also allows the transformer to handle long sequences without losing information or context. There are different types of attention, such as self-attention, cross-attention, global attention, local attention, etc.

*Paragraph 4: Why are transformers important?* Transformers are important because they are among the most powerful and versatile types of neural networks invented to date. They can handle many types of sequential data, such as text, speech, images, videos, etc. They can perform many tasks, such as machine translation, text summarization, text generation, image captioning, speech recognition, etc. They can also learn from large amounts of data and make accurate predictions that drive their wider use.

*Paragraph 5: What are some examples of transformers?* Some examples of transformers are:

- ChatGPT: A transformer that can generate realistic and engaging conversations based on a given topic or context. - BERT: A transformer that can understand natural language and answer questions or perform other tasks based on it. - GPT-3: A transformer that can generate text for any purpose or domain based on a few words or sentences. - DALL-E: A transformer that can generate images from text descriptions. - AlphaStar: A transformer that can play the strategy game StarCraft at a superhuman level.

I hope this explanation helps you understand what a transformer is and what attention references in this context.

Source: Conversation with Bing, 5/17/2023 (1) What Is a Transformer Model? | NVIDIA Blogs. https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2022/03/25/what-is-a-transform.... (2) Transformer Neural Network Definition | DeepAI. https://deepai.org/machine-learning-glossary-and-terms/trans.... (3) Generative AI: AI Transformers. https://lablab.ai/blog/generative-ai-ai-transformers. (4) The Ultimate Guide to Transformer Deep Learning - Turing. https://www.turing.com/kb/brief-introduction-to-transformers.... (5) How Transformers Work. Transformers are a type of neural… | by Giuliano .... https://towardsdatascience.com/transformers-141e32e69591.

leecoursey··on Ask HN: Best tool/method to remotely manage a family member's Mac from my Mac?
Does Apple's Remote Desktop work across in the internet (i.e., between two computers not on the same local network)?
leecoursey··on ChatGPT Cheat Sheet
Yep. The High Priests who, for an offering and proper supplication, will take your request to the Oracle.

Or maybe we will see something like, "Hey, ChatGPT1, formulate a question with appropriate qualifiers and specifications to get ChatGPT2 to return the following..."

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