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Assuming it could be done, I think you'd activate the reservoir, then bombard the patient with anti-retrovirals until the virus was eradicated?

When I ask ChatGPT the same question, it doesn't make the mistake of claiming it took the first picture of an exoplanet. It's answers change over time though, so it's hard to say

Interestingly, If I ask it directly whether the JWST photographed an exoplanet, it says this:

> As of my knowledge cutoff in 2021, the James Webb Space Telescope has not yet been launched, so it has not yet taken any photos. However, once it is operational, it is expected to be capable of capturing images of exoplanets and studying their atmospheres. The James Webb Space Telescope is equipped with cutting-edge technology that will allow it to study distant celestial objects in greater detail than any previous telescope. This includes the ability to capture images of exoplanets, which are planets that orbit around stars other than our sun. The data gathered by the James Webb Space Telescope will help us better understand the conditions on these distant worlds and whether they might be capable of supporting life.

I don't believe they use Nix at all.

Dev Containers are basically Docker Containers (either pulled from a repo or built from a Dockerfile) with some additional metadata attached so they can work as a Development Environment. Metadata includes stuff to configure debuggers, IDEs, etc.

If you don't have reserves, borrowing from the Fed would be your very last resort. The first thing you would do is borrow short term from other banks to meet your reserve needs. This is what the Overnight Federal Funds rate represents -- the rate that banks use to lend to other banks short term.

AS a very last resort, you might borrow from the Fed, but banks will generally avoid this as much as possible -- The Fed often charges a higher than market rate to discourage banks from using the discount window too much. Furthermore, borrowing from the Fed's discount window comes with a lot of stigma, since it implies you are unable to get funding from the market.

The most recent Odd Lots podcast episode has a great primer on the Fed Discount Window

> I was assuming that without a central bank account, reserves are moot

There are tons of ways to get reserves without a central bank account -- issuing stock, selling CDs or Bonds, selling liquid assets, etc.

> This is because the central bank determines reserve requirements for the commercial banks, so a bank without a fed account is limited in how much money they can 'create.'

FWIW, in the US the reserve requirements are currently 0%. They're also 0 in a lot of other countries (e.g., Canada)

Well, obviously if you were starting a bank, you'd want a pile of reserves and cash so that this doesn't happen to you on day one. Alternately, you'd offer to hold deposits for some people in exchange for interest, and then lend it out. Your reserve ratio might be close to 100% in this case

But over time, as your reputation got better and you gathered more deposits, you would lend out far more than your reserves. You could do this as much as your risk tolerance allowed.

Historically, the Fed had a minimum reserve requirement of around 10%, meaning banks needed to have only 10% of the value of their deposits in safe, liquid assets. As of 2020, that requirement was dropped to... 0%

Banks are regulated and restricted, but any entity who lends money would technically create money. Individuals are rarely at a size where they can do this, but hedge funds and insurance companies are.

When a bank creates a loan, it also creates a deposit. Say they make a loan to Bob:

Loan -- an asset on the Bank's balance sheet. It's a promise that Bob will repay the bank a certain amount of money, plus interest

Deposit -- a liability on the Bank's balance sheet. It's an account that Bob can draw from at any time, and the Bank will promise to honor or pay the deposit.

These are created at the same time, and balance one another. The bank does not need the Fed to create the deposit at all, the create it out of thin air when issuing the loan.

When Bob comes to withdraw from his account, the Bank will pay him from it's *reserves*. The banks reserves are a pool of assets, cash, and deposits from other customers that the bank holds in excess of it's loans.

The bank can get these from a lot of places, not necessarily the Fed -- they could offer checking accounts to other customers, and hold some fraction of the assets in a customer's checking account in reserve. Banks offer all sorts of incentives to get people to deposit long term(CD, Savings Accounts, e.g.) for this reason, but they almost never have 100% of the money they are loaning out held in reserves. Their entire bet is that only a fraction of the deposits will be withdrawn at any time.

The Fed doesn't need to be present for any of this, but they provide an important stabilizing function, ensure liquidity, and can adjust the money supply through open market operations or banking regulations.

Any bank could loan out an infinite amount of money. If you come to a bank and ask for a loan (and they approve), the bank will create the loan (an asset on their balance sheet) and a matching deposit (a liability on their balance sheet). They could do this an unlimited number of times, as long as the deposits they create are recognized and accepted by the economy. Generally banks will have some reserves (currency, accounts they can draw on, etc) to pay out people when they withdraw from their deposits, at their discretion

The problem comes if people try to withdraw or move their deposits, and the bank does not have reserves to cover the withdrawal. In these cases, the bank would need to sell some of it's assets -or- borrow money from somewhere else. If they can't liquidate assets fast enough, they have a liquidity crunch and will need to borrow or sell the company. If the value of the assets is below the amount being withdrawn, they're insolvent.

The Fed can act as a lender of last resort in liquidity times, but if a bank is insolvent they likely won't be able to post collateral to get loans from the Fed.

I'm not sure this is correct -- a bank could create money by issuing loans without needing a central bank account. The central bank account provides banks with extra liquidity, but it isn't required to create deposits.

Correct. It doesn't have to be a bank or central bank: lot's of other entities create money through lending -- Insurance companies, pawn shops, hedge funds all do it. This it's what's known commonly referred to as shadow banking (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow_banking_system)

Github allows you to sign commits with your SSH keys. Having the public keys available publicly means anyone can verify the signature: https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/managing-commit-si...

Really cool, love the idea of managing background services for your dev environment, without having to use Docker Compose.

We’ve been working on a similar workflow with Devbox (https://jetpack.io/devbox), using Nix to install and run dev env services

This is a really interesting idea, and something we’ve heard from early users. I’d be interested in chatting about how something like this could be implemented

Hello! When you add packages with Devbox add, we automatically pin your devbox.json to a specific commit in the Nix store. This ensures that any developer who uses your devbox.json will get the same packages that you do.

You can read more about how it works here:

https://www.jetpack.io/devbox/docs/guides/pinning_packages/

This is really interesting! Do you need a full NixOS configuration to deploy? Or is it possible to deploy projects that just use Nixpkgs?

If it requires some migration, would love to see a guide on how to wrap a Nixpkgs project in a barebones NixOS config

If you are looking for a simple interface that is an alternative to asdf, but uses Nix under the hood, you could check out Devbox (https://github.com/jetpack-io/devbox). Our goal is to make spinning up per-project dev environments easy and approachable, without having to write a full nix.flake.

We’re still evaluating pricing based on early feedback. We’d be happy to chat about what your work case looks like and share more details.

I could reach out to you over email, or we could chat on our Discord server at discord.gg/jetpack-io

Hey everyone, happy to answer any questions you might have about Launchpad here!

At the scale of a company like Twitter, the product and infrastructure are less like a static bridge and more like a complex living, evolving organism. So the analogy is not a very good one.

So your patient might be ok if you fire Ned, but if you try to make changes and a critical system goes down, it might take you a lot longer to fix things without the specialists in that system.

You could keep one specialist around for each system, but then you have a very small bus factor.

You can, but it's a very unpleasant experience on the Kindle's small screen. The DX was much better at this because it could comfortably display a full page of a PDF without needing to scroll

It will use Nix to build a shell on your local machine directly, so you can run the program on your system directly (not in a VM).

It also has some early functionality where you can turn that shell into a Docker container, so you can run the same shell + program in other environments or in the cloud

The article makes a similar point in the section titled “A Dictionary Date” — There’s a lot of new concepts and resource types to learn with Kubernetes that force you of your application in a different way. It’s pretty powerful and logical once you learn it, but it does take a different mind set.

Fortunately, the API is programatic, so it’s possible to build abstractions on top to make dealing with those concepts easier. But that can also take a lot of work to build from scratch…

This works really well if you have $480,000 in savings, but it doesn't really work if you have 0 savings, or debt.

Deflation, with its disincentives to investment or economic growth, would reduce employment and real wages. Most Americans would lose their jobs or see their wages cut as the economy ground to a halt. Anyone with debt would likely be trapped working for the rest of their life at subsistence wages, never making enough to pay their debts off.

At that point, you'd need an entire overhaul of the economy, not just an algorithmic monetary system

I think the assertion is "If you have everything else in the business right, then Deploying quickly makes it cheaper to fix issues and ship revenue generating features to customers, which will lead to more profit"

I think it's hard to say that there's a causal relationship though -- a lot of companies that can afford to invest in automation are those with already successful products + money to invest. This may change as it because easier to automate provisioning and deploying to environments (something I'm working on at my new company, jetpack.io)

I suppose I should have put “science driven” in quotes.

But I also think it’s going to be difficult, using the methods available feasible for this kind of study, to draw strong causative conclusions about how dev ops practices impact business performance. There’s a lot of confounding variables that are hard to control for.

So I think I share both your takeaways

Good article breaking down the limitations of the science driven approach to productivity that Accelerate presents, and some of it’s harder to prove claims.

I did find the capabilities and KPIs that Accelerate emphasizes useful, however. I agree with the author that there are a lot of other issues (such as building the wrong thing) that impact a businesses overall success. However if you’re on a team that’s focused on developer productivity, the four metrics offered (Deployment frequency, Lead time for Changes, Time to Restore Service, and Change Failure rate) are pretty good ones to focus on.

I also found surveys useful at identifying gaps in monitoring, detecting sources of toil among an engineering team, and gauging overall employee satisfaction, though they are not great at getting granular data. That said, they can provide good areas to dig in with more ethnographic research methods.

Love this book. Recommend pairing it with Nand2Tetris to get a good understanding of how Computers work:

https://www.nand2tetris.org/

What is the sinister material that they’re trying to teach or jam down children’s throats? The fact that they’re preparing material for a specific age range does not seem sinister in itself

What's the "radical" concern with [0]? Why wouldn't we want students to think critically about uses of technology and how they impact society, or make access to computer science more inclusive?

I think this Kelsey Hightower quote has summarized my experience working with Kubernetes:

> Kubernetes is a platform for building platforms. It's a better place to start; not the endgame.

https://twitter.com/kelseyhightower/status/93525292372179353...

Everywhere I've worked, having developers use and develop Kubernetes directly has been really challenging -- there's a lot of extra concepts, config files, and infrastructure you have to manage to do something basic, so Infra teams spend a lot of resources developing frameworks to reduce developer workloads.

The benefits of Kubernetes for scalability and fault tolerance are definitely worth the cost for growing companies, but it requires a lot of effort, and it's easy to get wrong.

Shameless plug: I recently cofounded https://www.jetpack.io/ to try and build a better platform on Kubernetes. If you're interested in trying it out, you can sign up on our website or email us at `demo [at] jetpack.io`.