275 karma · joined November 28, 2012
Editor-in-chief of avant.org here (& editor of said piece). Very surprised/pleased to see this link pop up while browsing the front page.
The author had a good deal of additional material that we cut down to form this brief survey, and I'm sure all of you have some great resources as well. If so, post them here. I'd love to share with our readers!
We are a (soon to be) non-profit that publishes critical, cross-disciplinary essays, frequently about science and technology. If that's your thing, consider finding us on twitter: @avantdotorg
Also, a few other pieces that have cropped up on HN before if you're so inclined:
• http://avant.org/media/stealth-infrastructure
• http://avant.org/media/75k-futures
Looking forward to your comments! Always a thrill to have one of our pieces circulate here.
This is still a useful project however as it may serve to catalyze future research into robust photosynthetic materials.
[0] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Goldsmith
[1] http://thecolbertreport.cc.com/videos/5tqazj/kenneth-goldsmi...
http://rhizome.org/editorial/2014/may/20/stealth-infrastruct...
http://www.deconcrete.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Kowloon...
To answer your second question, cancer is generally accepted as a genetic disease ie mutations, copy number alterations, insertion and deletion of genetic information, however, recent research has shown that epigenetic processes (that is what your cells are doing with your genes such as alternative splicing or DNA methylation) are also an important factor and these can be effected by environmental factors such as diet, exercise, even mood.
First off, doing away with clinical trials as we perform them now would certainly speed up pairing drugs with patients but it's not going to happen unfortunately. Drug trials aren't designed to minimize search paths, they are designed to minimize risk.
With terminal diseases like many cancers the rules are bent a little but what's important to understand is that these are real people making the decisions ultimately. Sometimes the most information can be gained by withholding drug, and isolating another treatment's impact but if you are a patient with a terminal prognosis, or the doctor trying to treat that patient, are you going to choose not to take something that might help you?
This is a point of frustration for many in research fields because it means clinical data is hugely noisy. Patients are often cycled through different drugs quickly to find something that takes hold, while at the same time going in for as much chemo/radiation treatment as they can bare.
I'm not saying these approaches aren't relevant, they just won't happen as a grand reimagining of our drug approval system. What is starting to happen however, is reclassification of cancer 'type' based on genetic profiles meaning ovarian cancer may have certain genetic similarities to lung or pancreatic so instead of treating melanoma, you can treat a cancer with a disturbed MAP pathway.
All the same, I'm glad he's working on this problem because it's huge, and I look forward to seeing the point of view of the HN community.
edit: Though obvious to some, I should also mention this problem is complicated by the fact that genetic information is private and dissemination is highly restricted. Patients can release this info but it does often inhibit massive cross-patient research.