I have fond memories of my semiconductor physics classes. The were not easy whatsoever, rather intense.
As cvccvroomvroom had mentioned, I had my VLSI chip fabbed at the MOSIS facility in Westborough MA, during my EE tenure at UMASS Amherst in the 1990s as part of a state-wide chip design competition (yeah - didn't win..). There was much activity on VLSI and computer system design at that time, things have certainly changed in the US.
I recall many entries were implementations of various (and obscure) mathematical algorithms, mostly in the frequency domain (hence DSP chips), that tried to solve problems that are now trivial in SW today.
My school did win occasionally, others were mostly MIT and WPI - I think in a large part due to the excellent professors at all competting schools and the work ethic of the students.
My final submission was the design for an Arithmetic Fourier Transform processor - trying to remove the need for expensive ROM by aliasing the signup up-frequency - which I did the barrel-based ALU for, and thank the grad students for including me in the project.
cvccvroomvroom: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31756704#31760353
MOSIS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOSIS
Barrel ALU: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrel_shifter (my ALU did much more than multiply/divide..)
(edit - remove double paste)