I care a lot about outcomes at the individual level. I worry that with these systems, generally health will improve because there will be a level of standardization, but specifically it will get worse. An analogy for me is with furniture, but you could also substitute financial advice. In furniture we can get a 'quality' table from Ikea for a couple hundred bucks, and we can make 10s of thousands of them. But it's much much harder to get a reasonably priced custom table. 200 years ago when a lot more people spent time building wooden ships, it was much easier to get a carpenter to build a table/furniture at a relatively affordable price point. Now that comparatively orders of magnitude of fewer people are in the practice, the price for that furniture, or custom cabinets, etc. at the same quality level has skyrocketed. In financial advice, the rise of algorithms doing things like asset allocation has caused an entire generation of financial planners to never be hired, and therefore never trained. The old financial planners who do much more than asset allocation are becoming rarer and rarer and no one is replacing them. In 20 years, I firmly believe the specifics of my tax situation, etc will be more difficult to solve than today because I will have a harder time finding this kind of specialized expertise. I see the same in medicine and every other field which low-end machines doing the low-end work. We're not training the future high-level practitioners because they need those 10,000 hours or whatever to become super experts. How long will it take before the machine catches up with the best humans is really the question here.