It was US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent
https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/bessents-to-do-li...
136 karma · joined December 16, 2016
https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/bessents-to-do-li...
I am sure this is not the first time conductive AFM has been used to achieve nanoscale patterning to build a useful piece of tech, but very cool nonetheless.
A similar optical pickup made of optical components from newport or thorlabs would run you a few thousand dollars, whereas these dvd optical pickups can be had for $10-20.
Here is another great paper (and accompanying youtube video) that shows optical trapping, atomic force microscopy, and even imaging with a dvd optical pickup.
https://siril.readthedocs.io/en/stable/processing/deconvolut...
this paper came out a few years ago using super resolution fluorescence and dna origami to track unwinding of dna by single helicase enzymes! its not an easy technique but it is doable with the right equipment (the 2014 Nobel Prize in chemistry was for super resolution microscopy)
VV ECMO, on the other hand, is used purely for gas exchange (O2 and CO2) due to respiratory failure. Much of the debate in the critical care community is centered around which circumstances and patients derive the most benefit from initiation of VV ECMO. The best studied use case, is in the setting of acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is defined by very specific criteria (bilateral noncardiogenic pulmonary edema with ratio of arterial oxygenation partial pressure to fraction of inspired oxygen less than 300 mmHg). The EOLIA trial published in NEJM in 2018 looked at early initiation of VV ECMO in patients with severe ARDS [1]. It demonstrated no mortality benefit of ECMO, however many say that the study was not appropriately powered as the assumptions used to design the study were from 2008 when mortality from ARDS was much higher. Re-analysis of the data from the EOLIA trial using bayesian methods suggests that there might actually some benefit to early initiation of ECMO [2]
1. https://www.wikijournalclub.org/wiki/EOLIA
2. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2709620
https://hackaday.io/project/9205-blubeam-a-scanning-laser-mi...
https://hackaday.com/2019/11/12/tearing-down-a-ps3-blu-ray-d...
Heres a decent open source? stage that i adapted for one of my projects in the past. Resolution is 1 micron laterally. If i remember correctly they address several issues including stepper motor backlash and micro-stepping. Cost can be well below the $1000 they quote depending on the parts you choose, or e.g. if you do only two axis (xy) stage instead of three (xyz)
Otherwise it really is a pleasure to use, and I have found that the LTS install has zero compatibility issues thus far.
Super-resolution implies that you are imaging below the diffraction (Abbe) limit. While the Fourier ring correlation can be used as a surrogate for resolution (it is frequently used in both cryo-em and fluorescent microscopy) you must define the correlation cutoff or else the measurement is meaningless. I do not see any mention of a cutoff used in the linked paper.
I would be more convinced if they actually imaged something smaller than the diffraction limit of their microscope, like the nuclear pore, which was recently proposed as a standard for the field [2]. Nonetheless I am impressed by the image quality given how un-rigid and prone to thermal drift/expansion their microscope probably is.
When we couldn't get a paper published, my old PI would always joke, "There's always BBRC!", referring to the journal biochemical and biophysical research communications. The impact factor was and still is quite low, and it would make the post docs bristle when he said it.
But I once asked him, why BBRC? and he explained that Aaron Ciechanover and Avram Herschko published their first paper on ubiquitinylation (how proteins get tagged for degradation in the proteasome) in that journal [1,2]. It won them a Nobel prize 26 years later and exploded into a huge field. You just never know sometimes.
[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/26325464/
[2] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0006291X78...
(The BBRC text is paywalled sorry)
Actually not true. A resident's salary might increase by $20k between the start and end of their training (esp for intensive 7-8 surgical programs), but most programs only increase salary by $3,000 per year. In the following tables, PGY stands for post-graduate year, and extends from residency into fellowship if you choose to do one. Usually the salaries are the same for all residents, regardless of whether you are training to be a neurosurgeon or a psychiatrist.
https://med.virginia.edu/gme/program-resources/salary-benefi...
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/emergencymedicine/em-residen...
[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3665718/#S1titl... [2] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5449729/
Its cool to take a look at some of the papers linked to realize that the structures are not at all what you would expect from intro level chemistry courses - an all sp2 hybridized molecule doesn't end up being perfectly planar in the crystal structure, it has a slight curvature to it (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/anie.2018113... paywall sorry), which is probably super important to know if you are trying to design protein inhibitors for therapeutic use.
He does use optical trapping forces, but is able to create exotic traps such as vortexes with the help of spatial light modulators. My understanding of the physics is not very good but here are some links to his papers (the second one has a cool visualization of a solenoidal tractor beam)