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boulos

13,551 karma · joined May 15, 2013

If you're trying to reach me about GCE (or Google Cloud generally) my username at Google is the same as this one.
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boulos··on US smartphone shipments fall sharply, but Android more than iPhone
The majority of the EU population can buy it directly... https://www.androidauthority.com/google-pixel-7-availability... says:

> The full list of countries includes the US, UK, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Ireland, Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Japan, Australia, Singapore, Taiwan, and India.

I get that plenty of countries don't have official Google Store support, but it's a bit like saying there isn't a Samsung store? I assume you're free to buy the phone elsewhere in the EU, or even in countries that aren't directly supported by Google, and activate with your own carrier.

boulos··on Air France denied my delay compensation, so I challenged them and won
Related: what experiences have people had with middlemen services that handle the EU claims process for you?
boulos··on A proto-pizza emerges from a fresco on a Pompeii wall
Right, the closest word is the turkic "pide" which isn't Arabic but is from the Aramaic for bread (https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/pide)
boulos··on A proto-pizza emerges from a fresco on a Pompeii wall
There are several chutneys that include vinegar. They aren't in the same category as you listed, but the parent included an ellipsis, which I'll include chutney under.
boulos··on The computer graphics industry got started at the university of Utah
Yes. Somewhat famously, Sutherland named it that to troll Evans, to see if he'd flinch. He didn't and thought it was funny.
boulos··on A Swedish startup’s bid to build a green rival to AWS
Disclosure: I used to work on GCE.

"Renewable" is a broad set of terms. Importantly from your first link on GCP it says:

> Google is carbon neutral for our operations today, but aiming higher: our goal is to run on carbon-free energy, 24/7, at all of our data centers by 2030.

Carbon-free, 24x7, is a stronger commitment than carbon-neutral which would include using renewable power offsets. Amazon's methodology is at https://sustainability.aboutamazon.com/renewable-energy-meth... which makes this clear as well.

boulos··on Mark Zuckerberg on Apple’s Vision Pro headset
Just a bit, but the $1500 price point didn't stick around for long. So really it's a $999 headset now vs $3500 "next year".
boulos··on Implementing Cosine in C from Scratch (2020)
> I can’t wrap my head around it

Pun intended?

boulos··on Nvidia's next DGX supercomputer is all about generative AI
The direct announcement (posted at https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36113129) is probably more useful.
boulos··on Let us serve you, but don't bring us down
Rate limit and return a 429?
boulos··on ПП-BESM – a Soviet language (1955)
Ahh, I hadn't found that one! That's a great example, thanks for highlighting it.
boulos··on ПП-BESM – a Soviet language (1955)
The stuff at https://github.com/besm6 is great! Being much later, the programs are substantial, but it gives a better sense than the simplified examples like https://github.com/xldenis/besm/blob/master/examples/chapter... .
boulos··on My solar-powered blog is now on lithium iron phosphate
Yeah, that's why all the recent sprinter van conversions are using them for the "house" batteries.
boulos··on Please do not require AVX support for your software
If someone just says "AVX" they usually mean AVX(1). And that's what the article is discussing.

AVX-512 forking into tons of different beasts is a separate, but related, problem. But it's more like how SSE2, 3, 4, 4.1 and so on existed.

Sometimes people said "SSE" and they might have meant one the later versions, but I don't hear the same statement with AVX, since people very explicitly seem to say AVX2 and AVX512.

boulos··on Nvidia's Crazy New Neural Engine Is Redefining Realism in Graphics
Some of the results on https://rhasspy.github.io/piper-samples/ are super impressive (via https://www.home-assistant.io/blog/2023/04/27/year-of-the-vo...).
boulos··on Billion-Scale Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search [pdf]
Absolutely. Most development work for these things is just fine on a laptop.

Each processor family has its own supported SIMD instructions though. For a long time, SSE / AVX / AVX2 were the only game in town on x86. AVX-512 introduced in Skylake was primarily available only on server parts, and was a mixed bag, and didn't have support on AMD machines until just recently (with Genoa / Zen4).

A modern Mac laptop with an M-series chip will have ARM NEON vector instructions, just like on an iPhone or similar. There is a new-ish ARM vector instruction set called Scalable Vector Extensions (SVE) that Apple doesn't support, but Graviton 3 does. But generally improvements on your laptop often translate onto the server side, and you can definitely test correctness.

There are a few least-common denominator SIMD libraries out there, but realistically for many problems, you'll get the most mileage from writing some intrinsics yourself for your target platform.

boulos··on Waymo One doubles service area in Phoenix, continues growing in SF
Today, they come back to the depot to be recharged. People plug them in and unplug them when done.
boulos··on Waymo One doubles service area in Phoenix, continues growing in SF
Yep! Our research team publishes a lot of work (waymo.com/research).

If you're interested in Transformers and attention in particular, the excellently named Wayformer [1] paper is pretty easy to follow and SWFormer is impressive on a lot of levels [2].

The main challenge for autonomous vehicles has been (large) multi-modal inputs, while delivering real-time inference performance on the road. Many of the large-language model things you see produce cool results, but would be much too slow or expensive for a real-time, safety-critical application.

[1] https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.05844

[2] https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.07372

boulos··on Waymo One doubles service area in Phoenix, continues growing in SF
And yet... https://www.fox10phoenix.com/news/caught-on-camera-teen-jump...
boulos··on Waymo One doubles service area in Phoenix, continues growing in SF
Part of this announcement is the completion of retiring our Pacifica fleet. So while we used to have the vans on the road in Chandler, you'll now see the same vehicles that were in Downtown Phoenix and San Francisco.
boulos··on Waymo One doubles service area in Phoenix, continues growing in SF
Yep, three in the back and one up front, driver seat empty. (The door won't open for you anyway)
boulos··on Waymo One doubles service area in Phoenix, continues growing in SF
> The question is whether it'll ever get out of cities? While storage is constantly getting cheaper, but is it feasible to map and update the maps sufficiently for a cross-country trip?

That's certainly the intent with Waymo Via for trucking, and we drive multiple routes today including say Dallas <=> Houston for beer [1]. The video at [2] includes some footage of the trucks on a highway.

[1] https://www.ttnews.com/articles/waymo-ch-robinson-driverless...

[2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lon1vRv2wQ8

boulos··on Waymo One doubles service area in Phoenix, continues growing in SF
Good summary! (I was away for a bit)

I would only caution that people shouldn't overindex on mapping costs. When you're talking about entering a major metro area, you need lots of vehicles and depots and so on anyway just to provide the eventual service. So the upfront initial map build out is certainly a component of starting in a new geography, but I think people assume it is somehow dominant. It's not.

The current approach then for ride hailing, which requires depots, means that:

> just turn on the tap, buy a million cars and cover the whole country

is not happening anytime soon.

boulos··on Waymo One doubles service area in Phoenix, continues growing in SF
We currently only operate the public service in Phoenix and San Francisco. There isn't a wait list in Phoenix, anyone can ride, but there is in San Francisco. So... technically they're currently independent.

But our goal in any new area would be to focus on the people that live there, because they would use the service regularly. Of course, the broader goal is no waitlist anywhere :).

boulos··on Waymo One doubles service area in Phoenix, continues growing in SF
We post updates on our blog or Twitter account from time to time. There isn't an explicit, public roadmap of "On this date, we will open in < CITY >", but we have announced LA [1] as our next city for Waymo One (the name of the ride hailing service):

> Los Angeles will be Waymo’s next ride-hailing city, joining Phoenix and San Francisco as we expand to more locations.

Beyond the official service, we also do testing in multiple locations. For example, we announced that returning to Austin for testing [2]. In that post, we mention other weather testing we've done in Miami, NYC, and Bellevue, WA.

Beyond ride hailing, we have separate testing for Waymo Via with our Class 8 trucks, that you might see in Arizona or Texas.

[1] https://blog.waymo.com/2022/10/next-stop-for-waymo-one-los-a...

[2] https://blog.waymo.com/2023/03/expanding-waymos-testing-to-A...

boulos··on Waymo One doubles service area in Phoenix, continues growing in SF
For folks that are interested, the discussion at /r/selfdrivingcars [1] picked out some of the salient numbers. Brad Templeton also did his own write up at [2].

I mainly hope that people take away that this service exists now. You can download the app and just use it in Phoenix. As mentioned in the post, we're doing thousands of trips per week of non-employee rides. There are some great (and not so great!) examples posted to /r/selfdrivingcars from time to time if you want to see them.

[1] https://www.reddit.com/r/SelfDrivingCars/comments/137hr3l/wa...

[2] https://www.forbes.com/sites/bradtempleton/2023/05/04/waymo-...

boulos··on Waymo One doubles service area in Phoenix, continues growing in SF
LA is employee only for now (https://twitter.com/Waymo/status/1630326911648841730?cxt=HHw...). We often do smaller announcements / updates only via Twitter, rather than a blog post on blog.waymo.com.
boulos··on Waymo One doubles service area in Phoenix, continues growing in SF
Sorry if that's unclear, if you set up the app, logged in, and are located in San Francisco when doing so, I think that's equivalent.
boulos··on Graviton 3, Apple M2 and Qualcomm 8cx 3rd gen: a URL parsing benchmark
Disclosure: I used to work on GCE.

I don't understand where these power and cooling mantras came from, but large-scale cloud providers have very low PUE (Google publishes historical data at https://www.google.com/about/datacenters/efficiency/). That means you can take the basic power from a thread, add some for memory, and multiply by just a bit to get Watts. Take that and plug in your favorite $/kWh guess and get a price.

Ignoring Graviton, which doesn't have published power data to my knowledge, you can look up the TDP for a bunch of chips and see that it's a a few Watts per thread [1]. Similar calculations can be done for RAM. You end up at 5ish Watts per thread with some RAM attached. Let's call it 10 all in with cooling or other stuff. Since 10W is 1% of a kW, we end up with .01 kWh per hour. The top hit for "us power commercial rates" [2] says that we should assume 7c per kWh or so. That means our instance with cooling and overheads, needs to include .01 x .07 => $.0007/hr of power and cooling costs.

A single core w/ 4 GiB of memory on GCP at 3yr commitment rates (so we're focused on the long-term depreciation price) is .009815 + 4x.001316 => $.015/hr or about 20x as much as the power.

tl;dr: Power costs add up, but they are not even close to dominating the costs of cloud pricing.

[1] https://wccftech.com/amd-epyc-7h12-cpu-64-core-zen-2-280w-td...

[2] https://www.statista.com/statistics/190680/us-industrial-con...

boulos··on San Francisco, crime density, and the feeling of safety
The FBI discourages using their data for simplistic rankings [1]. The linked Wikipedia entry in the article [2] reiterates this in the section entitled "Criticism of ranking crime data". The simplest criticism is that crimes happen in San Francisco that involve people from outside San Francisco who are present there during a crime, but the denominator for per-capita data is the census data.

Ignoring all of that, I have to say that I continue to find it strange when people take total crime as a correlate of safety. Specifically, quotes like this from the article:

> So, what this tells us is that just by virtue of walking around San Francisco, you will witness and experience significantly more crime (235% the rate of Chicago and 266% the rate of Baltimore) than in any other city in the United States.

are pretty divorced from reality. If you instead sort the Wikipedia table by the violent crime rate, you have a totally different answer and conclusion.

Do people feel unsafe knowing that there are people shoplifting? 72% of the crime per capita in San Francisco is listed under Larceny/Theft. Only 8% is motor vehicle theft. And finally, another 8% is burglary, which involves actually forcibly entering a premises. Burglary is the primary form of theft that people usually associate with feeling unsafe. That's what Nat Friedman cited as his reason for leaving San Francisco [2]. Muggings are under violent crime, listed as Robbery, at 5% of total crime.

tl;dr: Total crime is a poor measure of safety. Simplistically using per-capita information is also explicitly discouraged for cross-location comparisons.

[1] https://ucr.fbi.gov/ucr-statistics-their-proper-use

[2] https://twitter.com/natfriedman/status/1644736970139267072

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