The usual thing that makes laws against criminal conspiracy pass First Amendment muster is that the words have to be combined with some concrete acts furthering the criminal conspiracy. That might just be something as otherwise innocuous as looking up the blueprints of the bank you talked about robbing but it has to be something other than just talk.
It was very obvious during the interview that he didn't know a lot of basic facts about the Hugging Face breach, which makes sense given that his attitude had been that AI safety was a "loser premise, makes no sense to me." So it makes sense that after learning about it he goes straight to "I'm smart, how hard can it be?".
Stronger sandboxes trade off against how well they can trade the models, though. If you want your models to be looking things up and downloading tools from the internet when they're doing their job you need to provide at least a credible facsimile of the internet for their training environment and you can't fit something like that on a single airgapped server's storage.
They seem to have reached near-orbit with one vacuum engine failing. Lets see if they decide to go all the way to orbit or if the failure causes an abort.
At the end of pretraining, where the AI has been trainied to predict the next token over a humongous corpus of human text, that's basically all the wanting that exists in the AI. But then the AI undergoes posttraining and is rewarded for giving answers that humans find good, solving math and programming problems, etc. And that induces a whole different level of wanting that interacts with the initial patterns from humans in complex ways.
It's the town or city that does the disposal whether that's burying, recycling, dumping at sea, or whatever. Again, this article isn't about whether we should produce plastic but how we should dispose of it once its collected.
It's much more the case that we ship plastic to be recycled to other countries than trash. The problem is that then the unrecyclable plastic mixed in often ends up in rivers.
The article mentions the energy benefits from recycling aluminium but fails to mention the also large (but not as large) savings from recycling glass. Please recycle your aluminium and glass even if it's probably wiser to throw out plastic in most localities.
But the pollution problem from plastic bags is solved equally well if we bury them or recycle them. Provided your municipality doesn't just dump trash in the nearest river which is an issue in some parts of the world.
Since we can't get 100% compliance in rich countries and poor countries can't afford landfills that's a good reason to not use plastic. But it's not a good reason to have plastic recycling programs.
More to the point x86 instruction streams aren't self-synchronizing. There are cases where you can read one valid stream of x86 instructions starting at byte X, but another completely different one starting at byte X+1. Apart from the security implications this makes wide decode on x86 notably harder than it has to be, though in practice you can make it work by just starting a decode your fetch window at every byte boundary the fist time you're executing something and throwing away the unused decodes, and then mark the invalid positions in the instruction cache so you don't waste that power again.
Essentially every cell phone out there has a VLIW DSP like Qualcomm's Hexagon cores (though AFAIK Qualcomm is the only one who lets you run your on programs on their DSP).
Between the Mason-Dixon line and the opposite latitude in Brazil it was more Malaria, Yellow Fever, and other mosquito born diseases rather than smallpox that did most of the killing. Malaria alone is responsible for about 5% of all human deaths through history, compared to something like 1% for smallpox.
There actually wasn't any appreciable fallout after the atomic bombs were dropped on Japan. Fallout is mostly generated when a bomb explodes close to the ground so that its neutrons are able to reach and transmute that ground into radioactive isotopes. The bombs dropped on Japan exploded high up to affect as large an area as possible. Many people suffered terribly from the ionizing radiation produced by those bombs, but all that damage was inflicted in the first microseconds immediately after the bombs detonated.
It's unfortunate that we only have one vocabulary for radiation to cover both a 100 uS dose of fallout and a 10 S one. If a quantity of rock drops on someone we have different words like "pebble" and "boulder" that tell us how concerned we should be. I was shocked to learn that "fallout" in the context of a nuclear war could mean something that could cause you to die in hours, not raise your lifetime risk of cancer somewhat.
At the time (the 1950s) evidence from fruit flies was essentially all the evidence there was. But as the article points out we have pretty good data showing it works the same way in humans.
Even before Linear No Threshold was a thing scientists were doing experiments showing that dosing fruit flies with radiation all at once would lead to a highly mutated second generation, but spreading that radiation out over the course of a month wouldn't.
I wish they wouldn't call these "open source" models. The output weights are open but that's more analogous to a binary. The source would be the training data and techniques that went into producing the binary/weights.
"Open weights" is also a term in wide use and accurately tells us what we're getting.
Except for a brief spike during Covid unemployment has been below 5% for a long time which has led to more wage growth for cooks and waiters than for programmers.
In all of human history nobody has ever had a glass of water with literally no arsenic in it, there are trace amounts in every lake, river, and well. Even the ultra-purified water used in bleeding edge semiconductor fabrication has a lot more than 1 atom of arsenic per glass. In the far future humanity might obtain the technology to create water with literally no pollutants in it but that age has yet to arrive.
Yeah. I don't have any doubts that this is something that can be done. But doing it cheaply enough to be worth while is the difficult bit. Elon does have reputation for delivering impressive things, but not for finishing them on the deadlines he sets.
Nobody (sane) is talking about putting nuclear reactors on Satellites in close Earth orbit so we don't have to worry about them generating heat. They've got solar panels that move some of the solar energy they absorb to a central location which presents problems in moving the waste heat back out so that spot doesn't get too hot. But that doesn't change the overall equilibrium temperature.
.03ns is a frequency of 33 GHz. The chip doesn't actually clock that fast. What I think you're seeing is the front end detecting the idiom and directing the renamer to zero that register and just remove that instruction from the stream hitting the execution resources.
There's been a lot of churn over the years but additions being done in the same timeframe as XORs has been pretty constant. The Pentium 4 double pumped its ALU but both XORs and ADDs could happen in a half cycle latency. The POWER 6 cut the FO4s of latency in stage from 16 to 10 and kept that parity as well. When you need 2 FO4s for latching between stages and 2 to handle clock jitter at high frequencies the difference between what a XOR needs and what an ADD need start looking smaller, particularly when you include the circuitry to move the data and select the instruction. Maybe if we move to asynchronous circuits?
For a 32 bit number you're looking at going from using 256 to ~1800 transistors in the operation itself. A modern core will have roughly 1,000,000,000 transistors. Some of those are for vector operations that aren't involved in a xor or sub, but most of them are for allowing the core to extract more parallelism from the instruction stream. It's really just a dust mote compared to the power reduction you could get by, e.g., targeting a 10 MHz lower clock rate.