Penrose is great but resting your argument on his work is dubious. I would go for a portfolio approach when thinking about these things.
> Proof by assertion re physics & intelligence
Physics does indeed tell us that intelligence is possible, inasmuch as we are intelligent. Unless you are claiming that you are not a materialist?
> More proof by assertion
The GP is just asserting that 'a lot can happen over a few orders of magnitude', they aren't trying to proove anything.
It seems like you are making your 'proof by assertion' rebuttal do a lot of work for you, without making and strong claims yourself other than 'GP didn't give good reasons why AGI will be a thing'.
Maybe GP didn't give satisfying reasons, but if you know so much about this stuff it would probably be a worthwhile thought experiment for you to attempt to steelman the Strong AI position instead of shouting it down.