"Fresh" has to be qualified. Beens are going to be gassing CO2 for ~3-4 days after roasting, and ideally during this period you won't be consuming them. If they're bagged at a roaster immediately after roasting (after cooling, naturally) in bags w/ 1 way valves though, the gassing will displace oxygen, and the C02 will be a protective barrier against oxidation. Oxygen alone is the killer of coffee. Oxidation is hastened by heat and light, which is why people are encouraged to store coffee (and oil, wine, etc) in cool, dark places.
I _have_ roasted at home (frying pan), and while the experience was a treat (I encourage anybody who has any interest to go for it!), the results are nowhere near what a decent commercial roaster produces. I haven't used an air-popper for roasting, nor Alpin (?) or other more sophisticated roasters.
To be honest my fantasy setup would be some Jabez Burns sample roasters[1], but I'm not there yet...
[1] http://www.cafeimports.com/photos/images/lab/espresso_tastin...
One of the best shots of espresso I've ever had was a Rwandan roast pulled at fourteen days. Incredible.
It's basically oxidation and enzymatic breakdown after that. So they don't ferment, they just oxidize (a lot of the flavor in coffee comes from aromatics and oils/lipids, so it's similar to butter getting bland if it oxidizes for a while).
That said -- I have not gotten into roasting my own. I am willing to try on artisanal and quality grounds (pun). However I am skeptical on the time involved as I am pretty busy and dont necessarily want to spend a couple hours a week roasting beans.
The biggest sunk cost, though, is practicing it. It takes some time to get this down. And, you may lose some $ in the process of learning. But, if you're really into coffee, I think it's worth it.