The other part is extreme optimizations, from I/O and OS aspects to CPU, both asymptotic complexity (from scratch NFA regex engine), concrete complexity (rust, SIMD) and ad-hoc opitimizations for statistically common uses like fixed strings...
Then there are some "product" choices driven by performance insights, e.g. no line numbering, defaulting to non-deterministic unsorted output order — these go against most programmers' intuition for "ideal tool I'd like", but turns out the speed gains are significant and what I really like is how fast it is :-)
Both usability & optimizations are described in depth by the author in https://burntsushi.net/ripgrep/, which is one of the best perf. readings ever, highly recommended.