The C# compiler has an MIT license and is available on GitHub, which is about as FOSS as it gets.
Sure, you can compile and host your .NET Core web app on Linux these days, but desktop applications are a completely different beast. You're often lucky if one exists at all, and if it does there's a decent chance it's not designed for "modern" C#-on-Linux. It really isn't a viable option yet, maybe in a decade or two.
https://github.com/dotnet/wpf/issues/2554
That said, there are cross platform, open source .NET UI frameworks out there, including one that is inspired by WPF: