TCP's throttling mechanisms are quite coarse compared to what is described above, and they don't measure packet latency, only packet loss (after suitable timeout).

See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP_tuning

Yes, TCP has flow control and congestion avoidance.

But it's a one size fits all model designed for unreliable connections of yesteryear. It's a trade off between latency and throughput and not particularly good at either when network conditions get bad.

UDP requires the application protocol to implement a flow control mechanism, but offers an opportunity to emphasize latency or throughput at the expense of the other.

Sounds a bit like CoDel to me.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoDel

Congestion control is a thing in TCP since beginning, so yes.. you are right

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP_congestion_control