It's illegal to grow alfalfa in Saudi Arabia. That's why Fondomonte Arizona was created by the Saudis to grow alfalfa in the unregulated and easily paid off state of Arizona.[0]

[0]https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/07/16/fondomont...

The farmers who get this water cheap?

Probably the governments that grant the permits and collect the taxes for these foreign farming operations