So how does castling, En Passant, and moving one's king into a checked (but wouldn't have been checked, but for the move of the opponent) position work?
There's no concept of being in check - king needs to be captured instead! Less dignity for the king this way :( but what can you do
I was very confused when I was in check mate, but the other player didn't capture my king for some reason.... so in the end I won. Didn't expect that. They probably just didn't see the check mate even if it was obvious to me!
A clever way to escape checkmate is to move your king towards or away from the piece that placed the king in check (as long as your new square doesn't also place you in check by a different piece you should be able to avoid the initial capture and still be safe since they won't be able to move this same piece right away).