This is a case brought by a group backed by Edward Blum, who has brought cases in front of the Supreme Court before and lost. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher_v._University_of_Texas_... and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher_v._University_of_Texas_...

Probably never. Companies are free to hire whoever they please. While hiring discrimination exists to a degree you can't compare if one person is less qualified than another based on gender or race or even background.

It’s coming: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Students_for_Fair_Admissions_v...

This is effectively a charity program to give them good pr. I don't see what's wrong with Google acting on the insight that being able to say they hire diverse grad students makes them less likely to face political backlash.