C# and few other .net languages can be used in SQL Server for more than a decade: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL_CLR
I should have clarified in my original post but I'm envisioning more of: database server has a parser that understands python/javascript/c#/etc but projects a subset of library functions to avoid security dangers.
Essentially, expose the same functionality stored procedures already have but in a more accessible syntax.
What vendors mostly seem to have opted for is embedding the full language parsers directly into the database servers, which yields a lot of power and a lot of risk.