"Under the Immgration Act, migrants who entered Australia between 1901 and 1958 could be asked to take a dictation test.
To pass the test, they needed to write 50 words in any European language, as dictated by an immigration officer. After 1905, the officer could choose any language at all. A Chinese immigrant, for example, could be asked to write out 50 words in French, Italian or another language.
Few migrants could pass the test in these circumstances. This meant that it was easy to fail an applicant if they were from an ‘undesirable’ country, had a criminal record, had medical issues or were thought to be ‘morally unfit’.
If an applicant failed the test, they could be deported by the Australian Government."
https://www.naa.gov.au/explore-collection/immigration-and-ci...