Business chains affiliated by origin like the Calif. donut chain are common in North America:
- Indian Gujaratis and Bay Area motels
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/2018/09/south-asi...
- S. Koreans and minimarts across Canada
(A relative of mine worked in one.)
- there's a couple immigrants with 10+ Calif. gas stations each
https://www.desertsun.com/story/money/business/2015/12/02/ch...
How it works in general is that the business visionary has a close relationship with one bank, and the ability to sponsor a lot of friends and family in the old country.
For example, in the case of minimarts in Canada, a S. Korean immigrant automatically gets a loan in the range of $200k and up at one bank if they can find a location for sale/lease and the ability to sponsor 3 or more family members to work there. It's just a matter of filling out the forms from the bank, and based on the previous successful affiliate history, the loan is approved.
Around 2000, during the Balkans wars, the Albanians funded their war chest from a roofing contractor business in NY that hired exclusively Albanian labor. There's a documentary showing them exporting a 50 cal AA rifle and other weapons to Albania, including considering leasing an airliner (!) to export more. The UN had to limit helicopter operations over their territory.