Edit: as the commenter below reminded me, it's actually more like €4-5 but my point stands.
It's slightly more expensive than dirt-cheap Berlin, but it's hard to compete with dirt-cheap Berlin. Berlin is wonderfully cheap in every aspect. Most of the western world can't compete with that.
Try having a similar Döner in Zürich and you'll be wishing for that $11.
Zurich being in Switzerland which has one of the highest costs of living in the world is not really a good comparison. It's like saying "beer in X is cheaper than in Norway" - it will nearly always be true ;)
I've never been to Germany, but many of my favourite bars and restaurants in France wouldn't even be able to exist in Canada, they would run afoul of all our regulations.
Something like the Big Mac index is a good way to reveal this: https://fxssi.com/big-mac-index
Canada is ~10% more than the Euro area.
I live in a cheap part of Germany, and our Döners have gone up from 4.50 or 4.70 Euros to about 5 Euros everywhere.
But let's not forget that even 5 Euros is an insane price for that much meat.
It works out because (a) the meat isn't great to begin with and (b) Dönerstuben are hotbeds for tax evasion. Many many Döners never make it into the cash register.
The best shawarma I was able to find costs 3 EUR in the innermost district.
What a word.
Germany also has a huge Turkish community, perhaps competition is just fierce in that category?
Too bad that there are very few real Turkish restaurants around. We happen to have one in my town and it's very, very good. When Germans think "Turkish" they think "Döner", and that's just unfortunate.
They're using over-the-top expensive premium ingredients, but if you just use regular supermarket ingredients, you could make a döner for far far less. Let me attempt a prices breakdown:
I'm in the U.S., and the nearby Aldi sells boneless, skinless chicken breasts for $2.49 per pound (a restaurant could probably order in bulk, and get that an even lower price). A pound is 453 grams. There's probably only 100 grams of meat in a döner. So 113g of chicken in a döner should cost around $0.50. (It cost them $2.50, a 5x premium.)
Pre-packaged pita bread (döner wrappers) probably cost far far less than $0.75. I'm not going to analyze, but I'm going to guess it actually costs closer to between $0.05 and $0.10. Then there's the sauce. It too, when bought it bulk, likely costs less than $0.10 per döner.
So that's all to say you can definitely make a good döner in the U.S. for less than $1 per döner in terms of ingredient costs.
In terms of labor cost -- if you pay someone $15/hour, and if they take 1 minute per döner, which is definitely possible if you do things assembly-style, then the labor cost is $0.25 per döner. If you're less efficient, then maybe the labor cost is $0.50 per döner.
So now labor + ingredients is somewhere between $1.25 to $1.50.
Lastly, there's rent/utilities/etc. This totally depends on where you're located, but assumeing you're in a non-super-expensive area, let's guesstimate it costs around $1 total per döner purchased to cover these things.
We've reached a final cost price of $2.50 per döner. I can see how a 3 euro price is totally achievable in Germany.
Food can be cheap in the U.S., even in nice neighborhoods. As an example, I offer "Tara Inn", a tiny old local restaurant in Port Jefferson, NY. (Their menu: https://zmenu.com/tara-inn-port-jefferson-online-menu/) They sell pretty darn good hamburgers for $1.00 each, cheeseburger for $1.50 a piece, a grilled chicken sandwich for $2.00, etc. And the food there is actually good. This, in a neighborhood (North Shore Long Island) where the typical family income is $100k+. (Although the immediate vicinity of Port Jefferson is not considered super-bougey by north shore folks.)
There's another reason why döners can be fairly expensive in the US (even at a places using non-premium ingredients). Turkish cuisine is still somewhat exotic here. The US doesn't have the huge fairly-recent immigrant Turkish population that Germany has, so döners fall under the realm of "exotic mediterranean" foods. Hence their higher-than-typical prices.