If you have to ask, it's usually best not to confront them directly. People who act this way are ready, even eager to get into a fight. Sort of like fighting a bigger person, you want to disarm them.

A standard tactic is to be genuinely nice to them. You don't have to like them, but being polite makes them look worse when they are not. You can even be generous to them. This might actually give you some insight to why he acts that way. I've had issues with some coworkers who insecure in a job they badly needed, or some who have a grudge against someone else in the team for a good reason.

If you do fight back, make sure you can land a solid hit. Argue when you're clear that you're right, and make them explain where they think you're wrong. A solid hit will discourage them next time.

The trick with office politics is that you also need more people on your side. Be friends with the people he's picking on. It sounds like you're isolated. Wolves avoid herds.

If all else fails, learn to be unbothered like your managers have. Sometimes you have to treat them like children, which is to smile and nod as they tantrum. Sometimes you treat them like an environmental hazard, like a puddle of urine in the bathroom where it's not your job to clean after.