There's a concept known as linguistic relativity (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_relativity) that states that the language affects what thoughts you are capable of having.

We don't program in assembly language because it is very tedious and error prone. Higher level languages absolutely do eliminate classes of errors that are only possible at the assembly language level (accidentally altering the stack and affecting the jump return address for example). Another example would be garbage collection making it impossible to create a certain class of errors.

Another example would be doing long division with roman numerals instead of Arabic. The human brain can only process so much before it becomes overloaded. By "compressing" thoughts using new vocabulary concepts you can reason about ideas that are beyond your normal cognitive limits.