If you're looking at this from an architectural perspective, consider grabbing a copy of Hennessey & Patterson's "Computer Architecture - a Quantitative Approach". It covers topics like branch prediction, instruction set design, memory/caching, and so on. A classic.

If you want to get really deep into the physics of IC Design, one of my favorites is "CMOS Design, Layout & Simulation (Baker). It covers spice modeling, physical transistor construction, and a variety of digital/analog/memory circuit concepts.

Finally: the link to this article was literally right underneath the link to yours when I opened HN news this morning: https://medium.com/@veedrac/to-reinvent-the-processor-671139...