The techniques that have been most successful for me are those that involve kinesiology muscle-testing, which identify where emotional triggers lead to neurological/physiological responses. There are several versions of it around. There's a book about a do-it-yourself version called Self Clearing [1]. I've used that approach a lot, but it's worth having a good practitioner to see from time to time. Good practitioners are hard to find, but persistence pays handsomely in the end.
To my knowledge the closest thing that mainstream psychiatry offers is CBT as another commenter suggested; I can't attest to its effectiveness as I'd already sought and found other approaches before having a chance to try it.
I'm happy to share more details via email. I've found that discussions about this stuff on forums like this very quickly get stuck in the weeds.
[1] https://www.amazon.com.au/Clear-Your-Shit-Accelerated-Evolut...
It's a nascent area, so solid references are scant. I hope to remedy that myself some day.
A better known author on the topic is Bruce Lipton, whose 2006 book The Biology of Belief [1] introduced these concepts to a broad audience.
I've found the book insightful and helpful, but whilst he's a credentialed scientist himself (former cell biology researcher at Stanford School of Medicine), he gets hand-wavy about concepts like epigenetics and quantum entanglement and leaves himself vulnerable to attack from mainstream skeptics.
Still, I recommend the book for anyone who is able to overlook that. The science may be unclear but the core principles and healing techniques are solid, in my experience of applying them over the past 6+ years.
[1] https://www.amazon.com/Biology-Belief-10th-Anniversary-Consc...
There's a workbook (Mind over Mood 2e, Greenberger & Padesky, $18 on Amazon) that is often recommended.
I don't suffer from any kind of mental illness but even so have found CBT useful for managing my day-to-day emotions.