Just the correspondence between static type safety and the halting problem.
> I kind of have the feeling you are trying to make a point about formal languages being "the same", whereas the article uses "the same language" to mean "a single programming language" that allows, but does not require, type declarations.
Yes this. To me, it felt like the article was making the "stronger" claim, at least until the end when it starts talking about co/contra-variance.