Comparing TPDE against the default optimization level in ORC is not fair (because that is -O2 indeed), but that's what we get off-the-shelf. I tested the explicit FastISel setting and it didn't help on the LLVM side, as you said. I didn't try the command-line option though, thanks for the tip! (Especially the -pass-remarks-missed will be useful.)
And yeah, csmith doesn't really generate representative code, but again that was not stated either. I didn't dive into JITLink as it would be a whole post on its own, but yes feature-completeness prevailed over performance here as well -- seems characteristic for LLVM and isn't soo surprising :)
Last but not least, yes multi-threading isn't working as good as the post indicates. This seems related to the fix that JuliaLang did for the TaskDispatcher [1]. I will correct this in the post and see which other points can be addressed in the repo.
Looking forward for your OrcCompileLayer in TPDE!