solidangle

Monster's University was not the first Pixar movie to use global illumination, but it was the first Pixar movie that used path tracing (combined with rasterization for the primary visibility). Earlier movies such as Up and Toy Story 3 used Point Based Global Illumination.

The proof included with the proof assistant Isabelle is a lot shorter and much easier to read than the Cow proof (in my opinion):

https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/hvg/Isabelle//dist/library...

These price comparisons are almost always disingenuous. One price only includes the cost to produce the medicine, and the other also includes years of R&D, 10+ years of trials, marketing, and distribution. Sure, the $84000 probably still includes a hefty profit margin, but with all those extra costs the $300 medicine becomes a lot more expensive.

Also have a Sony Smart TV, and I live in the EU. After updating the TV, it asked me whether I wanted to enable Samba, and I simply declined. Seems to be disabled now.

FYI, Real World Haskell (one of the books in the bundle) is available for free on the author's website: http://book.realworldhaskell.org/

Tikzcd is a LaTeX package for easily creating commutative diagrams with Tikz. This seems to be an editor which outputs tikzcd LaTeX commands.

Many thanks for sharing this though. It is very easy and convenient to create simple diagrams with tikzcd, but I often struggle to make larger and more complex diagrams look nice.

This technique will remain useful with IPv6. NAT will disappear, but the stateful firewalls (which are often combined with NAT) will remain.

Here is a Coq formalization of C11: http://robbertkrebbers.nl/research/ch2o/ It only covers a large fragment of C11, but they formalized the operational, axiomatic, and executable semantics and proved that these correspond to each other.

Radboud University actually switched to Haskell this year, now that Ralf Hinze is teaching the functional programming course. Before they used to teach Clean (which is not that different from Haskell).

> This means that the behavior is somewhat unpredictable, sometimes you can have a formula with 60,000 free variables solved in under half a second, sometimes you can have a formula with 10 that takes an hour.

It sadly also depends a lot on the solver used and the way the problem was encoded in SMT. For a class in college I once tried to solve Fillomino puzzles using SMT. I programmed two solutions, one used a SAT encoding of Warshall's algorithm and another constructed spanning trees. One some puzzles the first solver required multiple hours whereas the second only needed a few seconds, while on other puzzles it was the complete opposite. My second encoding needed on hours for a puzzle which I could solve by hand in literally a few seconds. SAT and SMT solvers are extremely cool, but way incredibly unpredictable.

Everything has been archived here:

https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov

All pages about president Obama's policies have been removed. Just like how white house website from during the Bush administration is archived here:

https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov

Trump might be a climate change denier, but removing all policy related webpages is business as usual.

Personally I prefer this introduction by Barendregt (his books on Lambda calculus are really good): ftp://ftp.cs.ru.nl/pub/CompMath.Found/lambda.pdf

That's not my experience with Dell (in the Netherlands). One of the keys didn't work correctly, I called them and the next day one of their mechanics replaced the keyboard at my home.

I can no longer edit my post, but I just noticed that the arrow is different from relational composition. The semiring in my post is still interesting for graphs though, especially for reachability.

Yes! Graphs have many interesting algebraic properties.

I'm not aware of articles treating graphs as Kleene algebras (I haven't looked for them though). Conway's "Regular Algebra and Finite Machines" [1] and Kozen's "A Completeness Theorem for Kleene Algebras and the Algebra of Regular Events" [2] are interesting texts to read on Kleene algebra.

[1] https://www.amazon.com/Regular-Algebra-Finite-Machines-Mathe...

[2] https://www.cs.cornell.edu/~kozen/papers/ka.pdf

This is very interesting, but not all that surprising to me. Graphs are closely related to binary relations (on a single set). We can build a binary relation R such that x R y iff there is a directed edge from vertex x to vertex y. It is well known that that the binary relations with the union as the addition, and relational composition (the arrow in the article) as multiplication form an idempotent semiring. If define another unary operation as the reflexive transitive closure of a binary relation (adding a directed edge from a vertex to each reachable vertex) we even form a Kleene algebra, which allows to reason about graphs in terms of regular expressions and regular sets.

Another interesting way to represent directed graphs is using matrices over boolean matrices (also forming an idempotent semiring). Matrices over min, + algebra (also a Kleene algebra) allow us to represent direct graphs with weighted edges and allow us to derive many interesting algorithms, such as the Floyd-Warshall (if we replace the min, + algebra by regular sets we get Kleene's algorithm instead).

So does a renderer such as RenderMan use a baked format like Alembic or a format like USD?

Here in The Netherlands you can either end high school at 16 and go to a trade school, end at 17 and go to a so called university of applied science (or higher professional education) or end at 18 and afterwards attend a research university. I really don't understand why Americans think that everyone should attend college, for most people that's just a waste of time which could be spent learning practical skills.

Because it's convenient for him and his argument.

Sweden is continental Europe

*among billionaires

The numbers of billionaires, and especially percentages of those, are a worthless metric. Billionaires are about as rare unicorns, especially here in the Netherlands (pop. 17 million) where we only have 9 billionaires in total. Due to the high taxes here in Europe it's incredibly difficult to become very rich, so it's not strange that a lot of our billionaires have inherited their wealth. We also lack the tech scene which created a lot of self-made billionaires in the US.

The book is expensive, but it's worth every dollar in my opinion. I'd recommend waiting a few months though, the third edition will be released before the end of year.

There are exercises at the end of each chapter. Most exercises ask you to implement something new in pbrt, often something described in a (SIGGRAPH) paper. Pbrt is very modular and it's quite easy to add a new acceleration structure, a new shape, a new light, etc. I haven't done these exercises myself though, I mostly use the book as a reference while implementing my own renderer.

I can also recommend the more in-depth, Academy Award winning, book "Physically Based Rendering: From Theory to Implementation" [1] by Matt Pharr and Greg Humphreys (and Wenzel Jakob for the soon-to-be-released third edition). The book has nearly 1200 pages though so, unlike Shirley's book, you probably won't be able to read it in a single weekend. It covers both the theory and the implementation of rendering techniques which are close to the state of the art and it provides many pointers to interesting papers.

[1] http://pbrt.org/

And how would that help? How do you know that the code they published is the same as the code installed on those machines? You need voting machines that leave a paper trail (which the voter can verify while voting), that way the machines can provide quick results while the final results can be counted by hand.

Teletext is still available here in The Netherlands, the public broadcaster [1] and some of the commercial channels still have teletext pages. If you have an internet connection (which 96% of the households in the Netherlands [2] have) there's absolutely no point in using it as the same (and more) information is available on their websites, but it's still an important source of information for the elders.

[1] http://nos.nl/teletekst

[2] https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/news/2015/11/9-in-10-people-access-...

I would give up those few titles if that means getting access to the US (or even Canadian) Netflix library. It's also important to mention that those TV series are actually aired on TV in the United States, here in the Netherlands we have to hope that some TV picks up the rights in a few years (instead of airing endless Bones/CSI/House reruns) if it's not on Netflix.

Oxfam doesn't seem to agree with you, and ranks The Netherlands as having the best diet [1]. Dutch cuisine might not be very diverse (boiled potatoes, boiled veggies and some meat), but the Dutch eat a lot of food from other cuisines; pasta and rice dishes are very popular in the Netherlands.

[1] http://www.oxfam.org.uk/what-we-do/good-enough-to-eat

The title seems to suggest that this due to the Brexit, but in reality the value of Deutsche Bank has been in decline since the financial crisis of 2007-2008.

http://www.visualcapitalist.com/chart-epic-collapse-deutsche...

Those rules might change, one of the Conservative candidates announced that she'll kick out all EU immigrants that enter the UK after she becomes the prime minister.

Edit: source: https://twitter.com/samcoatestimes/status/751682424405430272