pvaldes

Good to remind it, thanks.

I'll take advantage of your post to remind that the paw paw belongs to the family Annonaceae.

Is important because there are a lot of delicious tropical fruits and fruit hybrids in the family like Cherimoya, Atemoya (Gefner, Achta), Sugar apple, Anon, Guanabana or Soursop. Annona alone has 170 species so expect a lot of tasty stuff.

If you visit a tropical country you will found delicious recipes, juices and icecreams made of those fruits. Remind that a moderate consumption is key, as all Annonaceae may have Annonacines in different amount. Soursop/Guanabana being one of the worse in that sense.

> I had no idea there even were cultivars for this fruit

Many breeders in USA. There are selected early (Allegheny), mid season (Prima), and late varieties (Susquehanna).

There are also selections with small fruits of 70-95 g (Allegheny, Rappanock), medium fruits (KSU Atwood, 120 g) and some able to produce a few huge fruits reaching up to 450 g (Belle, Mary Foos Johnson). On average 150-250 g are not uncommon.

Small fruits are reliable bearers. Sometimes is more convenient to have 95 fruits of 95g each of Rappahannock and one Raccoon in the garden than 7 big 400 g fruits of Belle and one raccoon. Often the biggest the fruit, the more prone to damage and fragile the skin so expect brushes when falls from the tree

Some selections provide different flesh colors: whitish (Shenandoah), yellow or orange (Wells, Mango)

-------------- Flavor and texture

Texture may vary between avocado firm and creamy melting in your tongue like a yogurt.

Acetogenins are dangerous, but the dose makes the poison. Some people choose deliberately selections higher in acetogenins like Susquehanna, KSU Atwood or Allegheny because they introduce complex flavors. Is difficult to describe a flavor, but lets say that there is banana in the background and it can be topped with other things depending on the cultivar. The flavor of Paw paw has been described as a mix of banana and one of more of this: more banana, mango, vanille, pineaple, caramel, passion fruit, bubblegum and horribly sour.

A tree produces typically between 7-12Kg of fruit each year. Some may bear until 50 pounds. The flavor is also inversely proportional to the harvest. If your clear some of the fruits, size and flavor will improve. Too many fruits in the tree one year: expect a more plain flavor and much smaller size. Overriped fruits got black spots and get sour over time, but it can last for a week in the fridge easily, probably two.

-------------- About chemicals

The tree is a cocktail of chemicals with pesticide properties. Acetogenins accumulate in the bark and seeds. Fruit skin must be also discarded. Is better to avoid completely to try infusions with the leaves, bark or flowers.

Acetogenin effect will accumulate damaging the nervous system, but eating a moderate amount for just one month each year should be reasonably safe, and some of this chemicals have anticancerous properties also.

Sunflower, Wabash, Potomac, Zimmerman and Wells are cultivars selected for decent taste with a reliable low content level of acetogenins.

Some people get their stomach upset after eating it. And in a few cases allergies and rashes can appear by contact. In this case is better to avoid it. (before discarding the fruit from your diet, you may check for other possible causes to the stomach troubles or try the low acetogenin content cultivars).

-------------- Culture

The harvest period is short, around September. The change of color in the mature fruit is subtle and it will not mature if cut unripe, so is better to check each morning for recently fallen fruits that are guaranteed ripe.

A couple of varieties (Prima, Sunflower) are sold as able to produce self-compatible pollen, but for best results is much better to have two different trees. It will need also flies in April/May to pollinate it. Neither bees nor butterflies will visit the burgundy flowers. In any case is easy to pollinate it by hand if you have two varieties. Just cut a dark red flower in its male late phase, remove the petals and use it as a small brush on paler flowers in the other tree that are recently opened. One single flower can bring 2-4 fruits, so just one gentle brush can bring a lot of weight, but you need to synchronize your move with the correct time. Repeat it for a few days to be safe.

About the canopy, it depends on your climate, if the tree has plenty of water is happy in full sun, but in very hot or windy climates the leaves can scorch or be thorn and you will need something that fast but not much thirsty. Is not a big tree, so may never reach the full sun area in a canopy but the paw paw is not really bothered by it. The tree can be pruned if necessary and responds well to pruning. The root is strongly vertical and transplanting it from soil means often its dead by breaking the main root near the trunk.

If this worries you, can try the cultivar Wells, selected by its low level of acetogenins.

Wild paw paws with high levels of acetogenins announce it, with horrible flavor. The domestic fruits are selected against. A correct amount adds a lot of complexity to the flavor, so can be desirable in a fruit that you eat just a month at year. I bet that you never worry about the fact that your potatoes have a little bit of solanin after all.

The seedlings can be disappointing. Pawpaw is a lot like peppers. Selected cultivars are good, but wild ones can be awful. I strongly advice to plant certified cultivars of your preferred flavor. My Shenandoah has a lot of banana mixed with caramel and the texture reminds to a lemon mousse that does not taste at all like a lemon. Also wait for them to be really ripe but not overripe (The flavor spoils). The fruits fall when are ripe and then is a speed race with slugs, coons and squirrels.

It needs water and grows well were hazelnuts also grow. Take advantage also of the relatively brief but good butter yellow fall color placing for example some chokeberries (melanocarpa Viking for fruit, arbutifolia Brilliant for red color), or a Japanese maple like Seiryu fast grower vertically providing a decent canopy, rusty fall color and great under spring lights, Hogyoku or Emmet's Pumpkin have great oranges and reds in fall and a decent sized leaf that unlike Seyriu will not dissappear around the huge leaves of the paw paw but is a question of personal taste. Put each tree well spaced but close enough to be seen as one scene and plan in advance as this trees don't like at all to be moved later.

Paw paws grow happy under canopy, specially for its first years, but produce much better at full sun (flies don't like shadow). Can be hand pollinated in any case.

As AI is used to do analysis, why not Cambridgian Analytical Explosion?. Is a boundary much more clear in the Antropocene stratification, marking the start of the Robozoic.

Totally different healthcare systems, and no sane doctor will commit the same mistake again.

> Ford's recently designed engines were designed with a timing belt internally that operated in an oil bath.

Is not designed by Ford. Those are (most probably) the same as the infamous Puretech motors developped by PSA. Is a Peugeot car disguised as Ford (or a Ford car with a Peugeot motor if you prefer). Several brands use it, under different names. Most probably they bought them under a big discount.

That motor was durable, tested and approved, But... Europe said: You must adjust this and that for the new legislation, and the change made a little bit of gasoline to mix in the oil and reach the belt. Problem: Gasoline eats rubber over time, and the timing belt is made of rubber.

The real problem was not so much that the timing belt could root entirely and break, leading to a catastrophic failure.

Much before that, the pump that sucks oil into the motor gets slowly clogged with rubber bits, triggering a "pressure oil failure" warning. Also the computer reacts to a slow lubrication reducing the power to protect the motor, so you have a car with random power failures and alarming warnings. If you ignore this, eventually the rubber dust accumulated could block entirely the oil from entering into the motor. And then your motor is destroyed in no time.

Nobody suspected that when Peugeot sold thousands of cars. A few years later, many cars that were still basically new, started to die or require expensive reparations. The makers warned on the manual that the belt must be changed often and this avoids entirely the problem. Second problem: Only car freaks follow the manual specifications. Every common owner expected the timing belt to last for the same as a traditional one (160,000 to 240,000Km or so), when it must be changed at 60,000 or so. Changing the time belt is not cheap and they ignored the warning as a grabbing cash trick.

For a while, common people were still buying cars with big discounts that mechanics didn't wanted to touch with a teen foot pole. Spanish influencers started to rebrand the pure-tech motors as pudre-tech (in Spanish: it-rots-tech), and the term slowly reached the public opinion.

Even following the specifications, you are stuck with a car that is more expensive to maintain.

Peugeot fixed the issue changing the belt material, but the reputational damage was done and was eventually absorbed into Stellantis, a superbrand created with Chinese, Italian and American investors.

If your car uses gasoil you don't have this problem. Only gasoline. Peugeot declared in jun 2026 that those family of gasoline motors are about to be finally discarded and replaced by a new motor (with a chain belt and designed for better integration with hybrid systems).

The problem is that if we don't find an exit, climate change will come with its old friend, war. War for the resources. And we didn't even globally agree in a minimum ruleset.

We are being promised about how much safe will be this new plants in a normal context while we do that, this context is vanishing. New possibilities opened and now we must deal with the possibility of a nuclear plant versus 1000 drones that want to destroy it, or that will keep coming for months until destroying it. Each energy plant is now a target, guided by AI.

Too much people in power are plutonium grade unstable, and is just a question of time that at some moment new "smart robot soldiers" will be asked to do unstable things also

So... how can you convince us, and guarantee that this is not just planting bombs under our own bedrooms?

The new golden age of criminal hackers. Everything is a red carpet now. And this is how you blackmail some prime minister to surrender mining interests in their territory, guys...

Having in mind the number of times that they say no, this never happened, the pentagon must admit that they have a problem with driving on the influence of AI cool. Probably they don't remember anything from that night.

> the evacuations as a response to Fukushima caused more harm than the radiation would have

This is a convenient opinion, not a true fact. Not different than saying, "I broke my leg after running from a tiger, so not running from a tiger would had been safer".

People try to convert that opinion on truth by the procedure of repeating it again and again, but we are still waiting to see the facts and the logical thinking that sustain this claim.

The radiation could have done a lot of harm, and nobody in march 2011 knew if the plant could be stabilized. They toke the 120% correct choice with the available data. And would be still the option taken in 2026 under similar circumstances. Everything else is reckless negligence.

To those that repeat in 2026, "but the plants never exploded". remember that they didn't had the luxury of knowing this at the time. Also that the inconvenient facts (like cancer ratio increasing, or newborns with troubles) were hidden under the rug and ignored for as much time as they could, so any comparison is biased from the start.

> plutonium is overhyped in how scary it is... it's super deadly

"Super deadly" sounds enough scary to me, thanks

There are things that are "super deadly premium" of course. Stupidity terrifies me more than Plutonium. Specially when both things come together, but in the end the result is not much different.

Fukushima and Chornobyl happened directly for a lack of paranoia, regulation and lobbing. I hope that we don't commit the same mistake again.

I don't know the legal technicalities, but It may be. We must not forget that most people killed by ICE were from other countries.

The list of people killed whereas in ICE detention comprises 67 people just in the last 3 years. Plus the two US citizens executed in the streets [1]. Some died after being denied medical treatments that needed for survive, other were chocked to dead, or shoot, and other were found "unresponsive in the cells", or died with collapsed lungs, kidney failures and other symptoms that shout "being beaten to pulp". This people were also human beings.

And some commit suicide. An example:

"Ge was in ICE custody for 5 days, and was found hanging by the neck in a shower stall. The county coroner report later determined his feet and hands to be bound, but ruled the cause to be suicide and noted rare, known cases of self-restraint in suicide cases"

People killed by ICE comprises citizens from USA, Canada, Mexico, Cuba, Ukraine, Colombia, Vietnam, China, Venezuela, Cambodia, Haiti, Nicaragua, Honduras, Ethiopia or Iran.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_deaths_in_ICE_detentio...

This list does not include people that died shortly after being liberated or that was shoot at the frontier.

Doctors of the Oncology Department in the Hospital La Paz (Madrid, Spain) had developed a new method that reduces greatly the danger of organs transplanted in a patient being attacked and destroyed by his/her immune system

The immune system of the patient is trained to recognize the organs of the donor as if they belong to the body of the transplanted. The patient lives with two different immune systems that don't seem to clash.

This is a game changing for patients that now need to receive routinely immunosuppressants for the rest of their lives. Could even remove this need entirely in the future. Two patients, a kid and a woman were treated successfully.

Modify any extant PDF is surprisingly easy. Write in your favorite "something"-tex, modify at will, convert to pdf.

Most people just never understand how powerful can be TeX and fear this path, because it takes a long training and the investment in time is huge. But you don't need to master all the details to do simple text replacements or filling a form with your name and address. That part can be learned in a day, and is totally free.

> big signs on them saying "Fiber Optic Cable - NO COPPER".

Crackheads can be manipulated easily, or bribed. Maybe the value was in that they were paid with $50 in drugs for doing that.

People too dumb to plan X and to inconsistent to spend several days honing the plan, somehow avoided all the traps and locks, go for the precise location and do X... either they worked in the place and are very familiar with each room, or there is a director manipulating them.

With the added value that addicts can be overdosed easily if they try to strike back and treat to getting too talkative. Nobody would bat an eye.

Des têtes?

Excuse my French

Too few days until the elections, too many things still to break...

I would put my money on it.

Similar events happened in Europe disguised as thieves stealing fiber optic. This does not have any sense economically, as the value in the market is zero so... either is an honest accident and is cleared in a few days, or is sabotage

Locals are not trained zoologists, I suppose.

There are almost identical animals from different species in the area. The scientific term is an species complex.

The full list of webs blocked by copyright issues can be downloaded from the web of the Spanish government here:

https://www.cultura.gob.es/dam/jcr:919c6bd2-17b2-43d1-98f5-d...

> going to bed with a deep hunger in the pit of one's stomach.

I'm fine with that, as their dinner shouldn't depend on me suffering an horrible car crash and being hurt or killed.

The people will save a lot of money if they don't need to replace 500 cars each year, therefore more money to feed themselves. They will not be forced to eat dog corpses.

In your opinion, has the tourism recovered?. Because it seems like somebody does not want that. Each time tourists try to approach US again, the government hisses.

Professional advice is the way to go. Much better than AI. Two trees of exactly the same apple cultivar will perform wildly different depending on were you buy it.

Crab-apples are good for pollination IF they overlap flowering. Not so much otherwise. If you have an early flowering variety and a late flowering crab-apple forget it. You don't need them as a third apple may work perfectly.

In any case they are beautiful trees and excellent for wildlife. You will not be disappointed with the excellent spring and fall displays, but if the space is limited I would go for a different tree or a third real apple choosing carefully the rootstock. If you want a crab-apple put it at the background. (Optical effect. It makes the garden appear bigger). If you like to watch birds while sipping your coffee in the front.

Crab-apples would be the kings of garden if they didn't suffered from so many diseases.

> What is the difference between cilia and flagella?

There are clear structural differences at microscopic level. they are fueled differently. In short, cilia are like eyebrow hairs, short, weak and simple. They appear in groups of tens or thousands, while flagella are like head hairs, unique or double, rarely more than three, and much longer, thicker and more potent, so faster. Structurally more complex also.

They move in a different way also. Lets say that cilia move like a pendulum and flagella moves like the ribbons in rhythmic Gymnastics

They are forbidden in Australia, as Savannah cats, because they are a real danger to native fauna if they escape and go feral.

Domestic cats, are pack animals under some conditions.

Those and lions are the only cats known that don't mind to tolerate friends and non relatives around in their territories, cats clearly enjoy the company, form hierarchies and share food. Hyaenas and mongooses are related with cats and definitely social also. Lingsangs on the other way, are solitary.

Yep. This is their normal aspect. The ribbon species is named the "Venus belt", and the round ones are called "Sea grapes" or something like that.

And they are nor just bioluminiscent, they are strongly bioluminiscent. Cilia adds motion to the spectacle and maybe can change its color, but they definitely can turn on and off the lights. The cilia pads are used mostly for movement.

Many of this animals live in places without much light and do a vertical migration at night, each night. All are carnivores of small preys and is assumed also that they use light to lure its preys near their sticky longlines. Very abundant and probably one of the zoological groups were we could still find suddenly thousands of news species, but studying them is a nightmare. They literally melt when manipulated or in the microscope. At the sea, if they are cut the biggest chunks can regrow a whole body.

Its chemical lights can be used by us to detect toxics in the water. They react to contaminants making the luminiscence much brighter. Just as if they were alarmed and trying to warn other.

I wonder just now, if there is a hidden language there, like with bees dancing to communicate with other bees. Who knows. The problem is that they don't have eyes (If I remember correctly) so would need some other mechanism to see the lights. Maybe chemical.

Is a good example of how trying to equal how other animals experience the world with our experience is a mistake. Imagine seeing light with your tongue. This animals could even not be aware that they are bioluminiscent.

There are other four species of Leopardus in Bolivia if I'm not wrong, and some had several subspecies. Many tiny, highly arboreal and nocturnal so no easy at all to catch or study. This animal was raised as pet since cub so is much easier to take samples. It could be the one animal in their species, ever, as an hybrid abandoned by its mother. Many oaks and willows do that trick routinely.

That said in 2020 there was an article proposing to split Leopardus colocolo in other 3 to 5. This article worked on the proposal, validating four new species more with L. tilcayo that was closer to L. tigrinus. National Geographic (as in other cases) embellished the history a little. Five new species of cats were disclosed, and four were described previously inside a species complex.