olivierduval

Actually, that's why there's judge to interpret the Law

In Europe, in general (and that's something that look a bit strange to US it seem), we judge on THE SPIRIT of the Law more than on THE TEXT. So a European court would surely consider "hate speech" independantly of how it is phrased exactly

However "I think the Nazis were 100% right in what they did to the Jews" is IMHO NOT "hate speech" but an opinion. What would be "hate speech" would be more "We have to kill the XXXXXX" (insert any race, color, religion, sex....) or "All the XXX must die" (different phrasing, same idea).

"Hate speech" is, well, spreading hate against some people. The judge will decide case by case. Example: some humorist have some racists jokes but the context will make clear if it "hate speech" (1st degree) or "humor" (2nd degree)

Is X a bralizian institution ? I don't think so... so X has no right to oppose this decision !

If the judge decision is illegal, that's the problem of the brazilian political and law system, and of the brazilian People. But X is not a brazilian citizen AFAIK... so it either follow the rules, leave the country or is illegal.

Moreover, when Starlink refuse to respect a court order, Starlink is although a problem (be it another Musk property or not)

Sorry I don't get: how is possible to find anybody defending Musk when the Supreme Court of a democracy ruled to exclude X from the country ?

Free speech is a good thing AS LONG AS it respect the country laws. In France, the People decided democratically (through their elected representatives) against some kinds of so-called "free speech" (for example: racism apology). That's OUR choice, on OUR territory (like it or not: rule your own country but not mine). Why should X be allowed to refuse to respect the France laws on the french territory (resp. Europe) ?

And if a Court find that X doesn't respect the country law, why should X be seen as a "free speech" leader and not just as an illegal company ?

For me, Musk attitude is just plain bullying as usual, and I just hope that Brazil will be able to negociate with US to punish him as he deserve for being such an (insert your prefered insult here)

It's so amazing that it's frightening !!!!

With that kind of technology, what are the key problem still to be solved before being massively applied to deepfakes ? More specifically:

- how much datas (pictures or video) of the "target" is needed to use this ? Does it requires a specific lighting, a lot of different poses... or is it possible to just use some "online" videos (found on tiktok for example) or to record the "target" in the street with a phone ? How is it to create a "virtual doppelganger" ?

- when there is a "target" model, is it possible to use this in realtime ? How much power would it need ? A small laptop ? A big machine in the cloud ? Only a state-sponsored infrastructure ?

It looks like this technology has a real potential to "impersonate" anybody really efficiently

Automatic updates are always a good idea... until they aren't ! It's an open door to problems ranging from subtle version semantic difference (try to find why what was working yesterday is not working today without any change) to hacking.

In corporate environment, it might trigger some unexpected alarms (or be blocked)

Gentoo got this right: by default, the "old" behaviour should be kept (no automatic update) and it should only be opt-in

5-9 years is a "bad" spot for developers: devs are too skilled to be cheap or to accept "junior" job & pay, and have not enough experience to be a "jack of all trade"

Here, in France, the job market is really slowing. More than before, companies are looking for cheap people... so they let go people with some experience and try to recruit engineer out-of-school to replace them. Obviously it doesn't work really well... neither for the juniors (too much pressure/expectation) nor for the rest of the team (knowledges & experience loss, need to teach the basics of the company to the new...)

ChatGPT is sometimes a bit used by junior to help them "day to day"... but not really more than "google / stack overflow" 20 or 30 years ago.

Same for french: "tax rate" is definetly not "taux d'imposition" but "taux de taxe" in that context

Warning: photoshopped portraits (and most of pro portraits ARE photoshopped, even slightly) may add "catch lights" in the eyes, to make the portrait more "alive"

So that kind of "clues" only shows that the picture has been processed, not that the people on the picture doesn't exists or is a deepfake

When I started to work at a big company on car safety, my manager told me as a joke: "the safest car is the car that doesn't move".

Worst of all: if you package certified CE product... you need to certify the whole package too!!! Think about using some certified CE PC in a cabinet for example...

On the other side: if you forget ventilation in the cabinet, the certified PC might burn... so packaging CE certified components doesn't mean that the whole is risk-free

A tool may be used in different contexts

A method is a way to structure so "processed" or industrial activity. It may use some tools or none. When it uses tools, these tools are more specified by their inputs/outputs (so how they contribute to the achievement of the goal) that to how they operate.

More specifically:

- Kanban can be used outside of the SCRUM methodology. For example, nothing forbid to use Kanban in a Waterfall IT project during the implementation phase to track tasks progress

- SCRUM may use Kanban or some other equivalent tools to organise and track the differents tasks

However, both are historically associated (even if I guess that Kanban came from Toyota and the automotive industry, using lean and not "agile" or SCRUM)

I always thought that Kanban is a tool and SCRUM is a method.

You're right that a lot that is "usually defined" in math has to be explicitly defined in theorem prover/proof assistant

* abs(x) is usually defined as "x if x >=0 and -x if x < 0"

* sign(x) is usually defined as "1 if x >=0 and -1 if x < 0"

* with these definitions, it follows that for any x, x = sign(x) * abs(x) (by definition applied for each cases >=0 and <0, assuming that all integer are either >=0 or <0)

Showing that any integer is either even or odd seem less obvious

I think that the reasoning is the same:

* sqrt(-1) = a/b

* a^2 = -1 * b^2

Then either a^2 or b^2 are negative but a square can't be negative, so contradiction and sqrt(-1) is not rational.

The main "problem" with this proof (and the original with sqrt(2)) is "how to prove that a^2 >= 0" (or that "if a^2 is even, then a is even")

The first one is easy to prove:

* a^2 = sign(a)^2 * abs(a)^2

* abs(a) >= 0 for any a

* sign(a) = 1 or -1 for any a so sign(a)^2 = 1 (either 1*1 or -1*-1)

* so a^2 >= 0

The second one may be proved:

* Assume a is even, then a=2n, then a^2=4n^2=2*(2n^2) so a is even => a^2 is even

* Assume a is odd, then a=2n+1, then a^2=4n^2+4n+1=2*(2n^2+2n)+1, then a^2 is odd

* a is either even or odd

* So the only possibility for a^2 to be even is for a to be even

Just been beaten by a bug in a production system... hidden in code silently for more than 10 years !

It just mean that for 10 years, this codepath has not been taken (The conditions for this specific error case was not met for 10 years) :-(

Actually, it would be a good monitoring information to know which path are "hot" (almost always taken since the beginning), "warm" (from time to time) or "cold" (never executed). It could help build a targetd trust. I guess that it might be possible for VM languages (like based on JVM) because the VM could monitor this... but it might be harder for machine code

Teams is deeply integrated with Office (including OneDrive for file storage/sharing, Outlook for meetings), more than any other Chat App... I guess it's a good thing in general but it's also an unfair competitive advantage (using "priviledged API" I think)

I do use Nginx in docker for (personal hobby) dockerized applications... but I didn't fully understand some of your reasons:

* AFAIK "docker exec NGINX_DOCKER nginx -s reload" works to 'hot reload' configurations

* You're right that "in place NGINX binary upgrade" won't work. The "bright side" of this problem is that the "NGINX container binary" is immutable and can be easily "rebooted" if any corruption occures (instead of having to reinstall everything). For hobby websites (including the condo mail server), the downtime is acceptable (not much traffic, not really 24/7, fast restart, few versions of NGINX every year...)

For me: having an isolated (dockerized) NGINX is easier to manage (like a dockerized mail server) because it limits the amount of processes "on bare linux with files everywhere" and make is easier to backup/replace/upgrade (just start a new docker with a new version). YMMV

I didn't think that it would be a feature to be charged for the consumer... only that it's a way to present it to top management

I think that it could be "security as a feature"

Usually, a feature is included in a product if the marketing show that it will grow the business more than the cost of the feature. Maybe we can try the same idea ?

"We identified this vulnerability, and it will impact X % of our customer and Y % will leave (+ reputation damage) so we will loose BIGNUMBER $. However, we can correct it for SMALLNUMBER $ in Z days. Decision ?"

Well, you choose a username in a specific context, even if it's public.

For example, you may agree to have your linkedIn profile name next to your HN username... maybe. But I'm not sure that you would agree to have your LinkedIn profile name next to your Tinder username.

And you sure don't want that to happen without your agreement and even without you knowing about it (but learning about it from a colleague for example).

That's why GDPR has some right to deletion or modification. And why some days, Europe may go after data brocker

(as a side note: not sure why my comments were downvoted. I didn't say that I would go after anybody - and surely not HN - I only said that uncontrolled use of any data without any anonymization and without consent might be the source of problems with regard to legislation decided BECAUSE too many shady business abused of it. You may not like it but then... well... downvote the abusers)

Well, maybe you should think about the real responsabilities: Europe make laws in reaction to ABUSES. So dont blame Europe for the legislation, but the abusers that made this legislation mandatory to defend european citizen ;-)

Actually, Europe is so slow that a lot of experiments may take place. And there wont be any legislation if there no abuse...

It took a loooonnnng time for Europe to react to Facebook, Google & co abuse with users datas. Same for OpenAI using a awful lot of copyrighted material without giving anything back... So thank'em for Europe legislation :-)

Actually, another problem might be GDPR: I have found my username... and that is a clearly a PII because it's directly and univocally bound to me

I dont really care (for now) about this... but on the principle, I'm a bit fed up too by companies just crawling anything to train anymodel without any care about the datas, the people that produced them, and the consequences on people's life.

Maybe I could use the new European AI Act too (https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/fr/high-level-summary/) ... although I'm not sure because I didn't read it yet

> This project points to what may be the biggest transformation yet: the opening up of Paris to its suburbs

Actually, that's only the OFFICIAL truth (or an architect fantasm), as much as saying that limiting the number and speed of cars on the Peripherique will make better living conditions for those living there...

Truth is: the Peripherique is largely more used by the suburbs (even to go from one to the other, east and north to west and south mostly) than by Parisians. The plans on the Peripherique will mostly impact badly these people on their day-to-day but... the Mayor Hidalgo think that

1) it will help her to be reelected by the "bo-bo" (bourgeois boheme - left upper class) living in Paris (that has been too costly for other population)

2) it will leave a "testament" of her Mayorship "in the stone" (a bit like Mitterand did with Palais du Louvres, Arche de la Defense and so...) and turn Paris into a tourist dream (like Venice) more than an economic and social capital

Let's be clear: this article is at best ill-informed or completly partial.

For examples: > the city voted to triple parking charges for the biggest, most polluting cars

Mmmm... not really. Participation was 5,68% of people living in Paris (only! without any consideration for the suburb). And the Mayor said first that only "outsider" would be taxed... and changed her mind after the vote.

The Anne Hidalgo's plan seem to turn Paris into some kind of Disneyland Park. Would you spend your life in such a park?

Actually, even Parisian are less and less fond of this "greenification" of Paris because it causes more and more problems for them too (OK, they don't give a shit if it makes problem for suburbs people working in Paris... but now it starts to impact them too)

Companies are leaving Paris (too expensive) and people are thinking twice before accepting a job offer inside Paris because of transportation.

Actually, the situation is so bad that public transportation are asking since month to people and companies to work remotly during the Olympics because... well... it will be a real nightmare. And not everybody will have a bicyle

So, watch what you're wishing for. It's nice to be able to use bicyle from time to time when you want... but it's a bit different to have transportation problems because cars that absolutly must cross Paris (taxis, ambulance, people living there, truck that recharge shops...) are all stacked up in less and less street to develop cycling

[Edit] For the record, I live in Paris...

Nota: some extension/generalization of Rete includes

- TREAT

- GATOR

Architecture

Expert

Quality

That was not mandated by the GDPR but implemented by companies trying to punish users in the hope of a backlash and cancellation of the law

All the GDPR is asking is: "if you want to use some PII, you have (1) to ask consent (2) to accept user decision"

Others implementations may have included: respecting "Do Not Track" signal implemented in browser or just... not using PII at first to sell personal datas to advertiser to make more money than selling untargeted ads (so no popup needed)!

IMHO, an "invariant" is only relative to the current system to be build, based on a specific set of specifications. As soon as you build a new version of the system (either because you change the functionalities, the implementation or because the environment change), you're expected to check which invariant still applies and which should be added, removed or changed...

In a way, "invariant" are the same as "tests sets": they are here to help to ensure that the product will have some specific properties. Both are used during the product development and checked. And both must be updated when the specs change

In summary: 'consent or pay' Meta strategy is considered not conform to GDPR.

EDPB Chair, Anu Talus added: “Controllers should take care at all times to avoid transforming the fundamental right to data protection into a feature that individuals have to pay to enjoy. Individuals should be made fully aware of the value and the consequences of their choices.” In addition to this Art. 64(2) Opinion, the EDPB will also develop guidelines on ‘consent or pay’ models with a broader scope and will engage with stakeholders on these upcoming guidelines.

In France, like in others countries, we have the same kind of problem. So much actually that we "import" medics from other countries !!!!

Lastly, the gov finally acknowledged the problem and tried to suppress the "numerus closus" (limiting the number of medecine students) but the problem is now that... there's

- not enough teachers and not enough room in universities

- not enough position in hospital for "internship" (not sure if it's the right word) because theses interns have to be managed by experienced medics

- it takes a loooooong time to make a doctor

- "young" doctors don't want to spend countless hours without personal life like previous generation did... so more doctors are needed !

And the problem is even more pregnant for out-of-hospital doctors (particularily outside of cities)

Right now, the gov strategy is to try to give more and more power for nurses, pharmacists to limit load on doctors (and cost for social services)... but sometimes doctors may spot specific symptoms where others may not