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norswap

5,628 karma · joined March 15, 2009

http://norswap.com/

[ my public key: https://keybase.io/norswap; my proof: https://keybase.io/norswap/sigs/7MjYNKBzV3Q0iTnTn7335vArDZwY_nZ0OkRLeXz1JII ]

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norswap··on Show HN: SlikSafe – A decentralized, end-to-end encrypted alternative to Dropbox
How are files stored ultimately? Something like Arweave or Filecoin?
norswap··on DeFi risks and the decentralisation illusion
All loans are overcollateralized, and basically used for leverage: put up your bitcoins as collateral, borrow stablecoins, buy more bitcoins.

So the risk is limited as long as the loans can be liquidated in time in case of a price crash.

The rates are determined the ratio of all stablecoin liquidity provided vs the amount actually borrowed. Liquidity providers can remove liquidity at any time, and so the smaller the remaining liquidity buffer gets, the higher the fees gets.

Most of the rates are dynamic: i.e. the interest rate on your existing loan can increase drastically if there is a liquidity crunch. In practice your interest is charged as though it was extra borrowing and so lowers your liquidiation threshold.

On the flip side, the dynamic rate also means that as the liquidity gets thinner, the interest rate paid to liquidity provider gets higher, meaning it incentivizes liquidity deposits when they are most needed.

norswap··on Plans you're not supposed to talk about
> You described conservatism as moving on and breaking things, that seems to be turned on its head. I would think it is more about gradual changes instead.

No you've got that backwards. I wrote "conservatism thinks it's easier to break things than to improve them". If you think a change is more likely to break things than to have a positive impact, you don't do the change. Hence, conservatism.

As for the rest, I'm not especially keen on debating or even discussing open relationships. I'll humor you for a sec, but won't reply further:

Of course everyone says it requires maturity, because it does. It's so obvious, I agree it's not a very interesting point to make, but I think the point is to acknowledge that open relationships often fail, and are not for everyone.

> That is interesting because I perceive this as fishing for confirmation for personal choices.

Man I was making an example in answer to a question lmao.

> But where do you think you need maturity? I assume it means to accept compromises? Where is that needed in such a relationship?

Jealousy is a naturally-occuring feeling. And it's quite natural to have some insecurities too. The maturity part is the ability to acknowledge them (first and foremost, to yourself), and to be open and talk about them, in a very open way, i.e. not loaded with assumptions and what the other person thinks/wants/feels.

norswap··on Plans you're not supposed to talk about
I think you can find beauty / intrinsic meaning in marriage, and that it can be done for other reasons than forced commitment.

But I'm not trying to explain why you (or anybody else in particular) committed to a single person romantically. I'm trying to explain why it's popular in general.

Imagine we could reset social norms around monogamy. Maybe you would still be monogamous for other reasons. I suspect many monogamous people, without the normative baggage, would go polygamous -- i.e. they don't consider monogamy to be intrinsically superior/good the way you do. I also suspect that over time the norm towards monogamy would creep back in for purely pragmatic reasons.

norswap··on Plans you're not supposed to talk about
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norswap··on Plans you're not supposed to talk about
I knew this was going to turn into a debate on polyamori lol. I'm not going to answer your comments, but it suffices to say you probably don't suffer from your open-mindedness :)

(Agreement or disagreement on open relationships being immaterial to open-mindedness. The open-minded attitude is to consider what might make a stance true. Instead, to preserve your priors on open relationships, you're forced to assume a bunch of things, such that I am lying, and that I am unhappy, etc...)

Your comment about the social zeitgiest is interesting. Where I live (in western Europe) open relationships are quite unpopular (despite being more popular than they've ever been). I actually expect the same to be true in the US, outside of some affluent circles (if we're talking about in-the-flesh relationships).

How would you define conservatism?

(I don't consider my definition as negative btw. I have a conservative mindset on quite a few things where I think improvement is hard, or we're stuck in a local optimum and the cost of getting out would be currently unbearable.)

norswap··on Ask HN: Do you still use Clubhouse app?
Bold of you to assume I ever used it!
norswap··on Plans you're not supposed to talk about
A big part of "the normal way" things are done is related to subtle (and by-design, unspoken) social reasons.

If you are open-minded, you're open to considering that the normal ways things are done might not be the best way -- which it is not along all axes, but it does incur some advantages for reasons that must remain unspoken for the advantages to be incurred.

This has two potentially bad consequences: (1) you might come to miss the advantages provided, and (2) you might erode the effectiveness of the deceitful mechanism.

An easy example is open relationships. They're difficult to navigate and often end in drama. (Personal opinion: they're awesome but require a ton of emotional maturity, and some time, to make work.) The lie here is that romantic commitment is a sacred value -- in reality it's a way to bind yourself to avoid the instability and hurt that can easily result from open relationships.

If you're not able to handle open relationships, your open-mindedness will have hurt you. And if you want to return to monogamy, your lack of belief in romantic commitment might be an impediment too.

People get burned by their open-mindedness a few times, or see examples of people getting burned around them, and they shut that part down.

It's the essence of conservatism: a belief that it's easier to break something that works than to improve things. (Forget politics, you can just think about this at the personal level.)

norswap··on Linux Foundation spends just 3.4% of its money on Linux
Ah yes, Google Kubernetes. That's where money should go.
norswap··on DeFi protocol BadgerDAO exploited for $120M in front-end attack
It's a coin mixer: you deposit ETH into a common pool shared with a bunch of other people, and you get back (off-chain) a code that can be used to redeem your deposit at a later date. Since there is no link between the code and the sender on-chain, nobody knows which contributor to the pool withdrew.

So if there are N deposits then later N withdrawals, the only thing you know is that each withdrawal matches one of the deposits, but not which one.

As for privacy improvements:

- If you deposit then immediately withdraw, observers might suspect that you instantly withdrew your deposit.

- You need ETH for the withdrawal transaction, which has to come from somewhere (making it potentially traceable). With their relayers you can withdraw to an empty account while hiding the origin of the transaction fee.

norswap··on Right-clickers vs. the monkey JPG owners
I work in crypto and own two NFTs (one of which is a domain name, the other of which is a 20$ fun lottery ticket / community memorabilia).

I don't think the speculative bubble around JPG makes much sense.

An interesting thought I had though, is that the traditional art market makes ""no sense"" either.

People keep insisting it's so different because you pay for something tangible that can't be easily copied. In reality, you could buy a copy of a masterpiece that would be indistinguishable to everybody except a handful of experts, for many order of magnitudes less money than the original. The world's most expensive paintings sell for hundreds of millions. The best Mona Lisa replica are auctioned (!) for hundreds of thousands, and you can buy "good enough" canvas replica for a few hundred dollars.

The reason people buy art NFTs are the same that people buy expensive real world art: (1) patronize the artist, (2) tax evasion, (3) status symbol, (4) price speculation

NFTs just takes the logic to its paroxism / logic conclusion.

Note that is specifically about "art NFTs". NFTs is a much broader category that has useful uses (e.g. the aforementionned domain name).

norswap··on Why Zulip will not get on the blockchain bandwagon
So I guess they're getting on the anti-bandwagon instead? Really transparent way to try to drive attention to themselves.
norswap··on Tether Fined $41M for Lying About Reserves
It might indeed have been such an attestation.
norswap··on Tether Fined $41M for Lying About Reserves
I haven't looked into it, but it looks like they lied about being backed by cash (or at least, somehow implied it).

Now they claim to be backed by cash and cash equivalents, namely a lot of "commercial paper" (short term debt obligations), which is widely believed to be in Chinese markets.

For some reason though, they won't reveal exactly what it is they hold. It could be that they think the market will not react kindly to the kind of assets they hold, or that they entered some kind of weird agreement no to reveal them.

I highly doubt they're not backed by assets whose face value adds up to the total UST distribution, because multiple auditors have said they were fully backed. But it is possibly that some of these assets are junk that won't (or have a high risk not to) redeem at face value.

Even in very bad scenarios, UST could fall to 0.8$ if 20% of Tether's asset default (and they burned through profits). Problematic but not quite such as a risk as it going to zero, which is why people still hold it.

norswap··on US Justice Department Launches a National Cryptocurrency Enforcement Team
Another solution would to outlaw or super-regulate the US postal service... Blaming infrastructure only gets you so far.
norswap··on US Justice Department Launches a National Cryptocurrency Enforcement Team
Business manipulate people and dodge taxes without crypto too, and most of it happens in the open and is perfectly legal.

God forbid individuals get in on the tax dodging action!

Also, businesses dodge taxes with crypto? Not impossible, but never heard of that.

norswap··on Category Theory
I have genuinely no idea what this is saying.

He was talking about "sensory keys" but the other person thought it was "requestor's keys"? That can't be it - because it's implied the other person heard the term "sensory".

Can someone explain?

(I must refrain from being very snarky and say that maybe the author is not very good at making points. Oops.)

norswap··on Why does no one ever talk about Sweden anymore?
I'm sympathetic with his case against the reaction to Sweden's policies, but his assertions that there is no evidence for the effectiveness of masks are similarly harebrained.
norswap··on Aspartame and cancer – new evidence for causation
Yeah, no.

100g is half a cup. It's about 5 large strawberries. See https://findanyanswer.com/how-many-grams-are-3-strawberries for more numbers.

I buy strawberries in 500g boxes, and let me tell 1/5 isn't all that filling (definitely less than a Snickers bar).

norswap··on A Limitlessly Scalable Transaction System
Yep, in blockchainland we call this a "proof of authority" blockchain.
norswap··on Cryptocurrency Blockchains Don’t Need to Be Energy Intensive
PoW also codifies "rich gets richer" - mining begets return on invested capital in exactly the same way that PoS does.

In fact, arguably PoW is worse, because it has economies of scale that PoS does not have, so the rich truly do have an edge in PoW.

norswap··on SafeDollar ‘stablecoin’ drops to $0 following DeFi exploit on Polygon
As someone that has experience in compilers and smart contracts, I can tell you they are an order of magnitude or more apart in terms of difficulty. Most smart contracts are not that complicated.
norswap··on Verkle Trees
In case people are interested, here are some of my recent notes on Verkle trees: https://www.notion.so/norswap/Stage-0-Discovery-dcbb7318ba66...
norswap··on D3 7.0
Didn't they have an export function that allowed self-hosting something you developped on Observable? (Or is it the development part that you want to self-host for "full experience"?)
norswap··on Once a bastion of free speech, the ACLU faces an identity crisis
And so the ACLU gets worse and worse via evaporative cooling of group beliefs.

https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/ZQG9cwKbct2LtmL3p/evaporativ...

norswap··on Amazon's Controversial 'Hire to Fire' Practice Reveals a Truth About Management
Tracking is fine, the issue is targeting.
norswap··on The fastest and shortest algorithm for all well-defined problems (2002)
> An algorithm M is described that solves any well-defined problem p as quickly as the fastest algorithm computing a solution to p, save for a factor of 5 and low-order additive terms. M optimally distributes resources between the execution of provably correct p-solving programs and an enumeration of all proofs, including relevant proofs of program correctness and of time bounds on program runtimes. M avoids Blum's speed-up theorem by ignoring programs without correctness proof.

So this solves any problem that you can formally specify with the same complexity as the best algorithm?

This sounds too good to be true, what's the catch?

norswap··on Wuhan lab staff sought hospital care before Covid-19 outbreak disclosed
"Gain of function research" is when you stimulate micro-organisms so that they gain new attributes. For viruses these properties could be infectiousness or antibody resistance.

One way you can do that is by putting evolutive selection pressure on the micro-organisms. For instance, submit a colony of bacteria to something they are vulnerable to. Stop when 90% of the colony is dead. Cultivate the colony back to a full size, then repeat the protocol until you get bacteria that are fully resistant.

norswap··on The Time Everyone “Corrected” the World’s Smartest Woman (2015)
1/3 - If the first ball was blue, the probability to pick the second one is 1/3, while if it was red, the probability to pick a blue ball as second ball is 2/3. The prior probability for each scenario (first blue ball vs first red ball) is 1/2, so the posterior is 1/3 that the first ball was blue.

A neat trick to reason about those cases is to use odds. The prior odds for the first ball being blue vs red is 1:1. The odds for the first ball being blue vs red, given the second ball is blue is 1:2. We can just multiple the odds to get (1*1):(1*2) = 1:2 as the posterior odds.

This doesn't seem impressive because the prior is 1:1, but using this method you can easily calculate the odds in the scenario where there are 4 red and 2 blue balls. The prior odds is 2:4=1:2, the conditional odds is (1/5):(2/5)=1:2, 1:2 * 1:2 = 1:4, i.e. 1/5 chance that the first ball was blue.

norswap··on Higher mushroom consumption is associated with a lower risk of cancer
How the hell do you get away with writing an article like that in 2021 and not make a single mention of "cofounders" or some such in the abstract (or in the news story, for that matter)??
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