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mopsi

3,056 karma · joined May 1, 2019

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mopsi··on Private German rocket makes history, reaches orbit from European soil
There was no coup:

  Parliament votes 328-0 to impeach Yanukovych on Feb. 22; sets May 25 for new election
mopsi··on Dutch central bank moves share of gold from U.S., Canada to London

  > That was a rather obvious false flag attempt, presumably from Ukraine.
German officials have identified two Russians behind this, one of them linked to Russian secret services, and a number of other countries where those people have been active previously are corroborating.
mopsi··on A Selection of Los Alamos Rolodex Business Cards
Indeed! Interesting that leaving a bottom margin for Rolodex didn't become a design standard.
mopsi··on Google Maps Showing 'Lake America' in U.S.
Most countries with a modern bureaucracy actually do maintain an official database of geographic feature names of some sort to ensure consistency in government documents. But their naming is not binding to anyone else, of course.
mopsi··on Air Conditioning Is Not a Luxury, It Is a Necessity
But it is such a strange, superficial flood of propaganda; preaching is perhaps a better word. The main concern remains heat retention and that's what buildings will remain optimized for.

My house has 65 cm / 2 ft stone walls, which makes the normal temperature changes throughout the year very gradual because of the enormous thermal mass of the walls. But once the walls heat up during a prolonged heatwave (which are becoming more frequent because of climate change), AC becomes remarkably ineffective at cooling because the walls will continue radiating heat into the rooms. The walls used to cool down during the night and provide a very nice thermal buffer during the day, but with elevated temperatures even at night, that doesn't work anymore.

"Just install AC, brooo" seems like something coming from the crowd that doesn't want to address the root problem.

mopsi··on Air Conditioning Is Not a Luxury, It Is a Necessity
The AC propaganda coming from the US this year is really strange and out of proportion. About ten times as many people die from the cold in Europe as die from the heat.
mopsi··on South Korea proposes talks to officially end war with North

  > And why were the Soviets forced to make a pact with Nazi Germany? It was because the western powers rejected good-faith Soviet efforts to make a defence pact against the Nazis in the first place.
Nobody forced the USSR to enter an alliance with Germany. You stress "good-faith" as is customary to Russian trolls, because the pre-war negotiations were anything but; the USSR demanded free transit through Poland in the event of war with Germany. Poland rejected this, fearing that the Soviets would remain as an occupying force and never leave. History proved them correct. In practical terms, this would have legitimized the Soviet invasion of Poland on 17 September 1939.

  > But what really tipped them to fight the Russians was the false hope that western superpowers would help them fight the Russians.
This claim is not supported by the historical record by any stretch. It is a modern Russian spin on events to belittle the agency of neighboring countries and reduce everything to a "western conspiracy", because they don't want to draw attention to the reasons why everyone hates Russians. After Russians dropped bombs on Helsinki, the Finns did not need any cigar-smoking top-hat wearing man from Washington to tell them to defend their homeland from invaders.

  > Even after the western instigated coup, all Zelensky had to do was de-escalate domestic tension and declare that it would not join NATO and remain neutral. /---/ he lost Crimea, he lost most parts of Eastern Ukraine
There was no coup in Ukraine, and by the time Zelenskyy was voted into office (2019), the Russian war against Ukraine was in its fifth year. Pinning the loss of Crimea (2014) on him tells that you just don't know what you're talking about. Accusing Zelenskyy of escalating tensions with Russia is also utterly absurd. He campaigned on de-escalation, met with Putin in December 2019 in pursuit of that, and in the first few years in office, worked on a comprehensive ceasefire. His efforts were rewarded with a full-scale invasion of the entire country.

As I said before, you are recommending a recipe that already led to a disaster.

mopsi··on Old.reddit.com is now login only
Does this mean that Google will soon stop showing reddit posts in search results? I've occasionally found helpful tips there for rare issues that are not covered anywhere else.
mopsi··on South Korea proposes talks to officially end war with North
Your narrative on the Winter War is very flawed. For starters, it was not fought before WWII, but from late November 1939 to mid-March 1940, which puts it between the invasion of Poland and the fall of France. It was a part of the broader joint German-Soviet attack on smaller European democracies in the early part of WWII. The secret protocol to the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact signed in August 1939 between Germany and the USSR that divided Europe left the USSR free hands to invade Finland. Immediately they began pressuring Finland and conducting false-flag operations like the shelling of Mainila to accuse Finland of hostility and demand concessions. When the talks broke down, the Finns woke up on 30 November 1939 to the surprise of Russian bombers dropping their loads on Helsinki. So much about "choice".

Pinning this on "the false assurances of then western powers" is just rubbish (with a very modern smell), nor was there anything comparable to the international coalition currently supporting Ukraine. Finland was very much alone. Even the Swedish state hesitated and lot of support that is counted in statistics as "Swedish" came through volunteers instead.

The war ended not because "they prioritised people and soldiers over territory and their own ego", but because Russians had broken through the main defensive line and the situation had become critical for the Finns and making territorial concessions was considered the less risky option. The Finns were afraid that if the war dragged on, Germany would enter the war in support of the USSR. Germany was about to invade Denmark and Norway (April 1940), after all.

Finland did not believe that territory was unimportant. When the major fighting broke out on the eastern front in 1941, Finland fought three years to regain their lost territory in the Continuation War of 1941-1944, and the USSR ultimately settled for far less than Russia is demanding from Ukraine.

The situation is nothing comparable to Ukraine's present day, because Russia has been stuck for years, the defensive lines hold well and the risk of sudden breakthrough is minimal, while Ukraine is able to deliver increasingly severe and disruptive strikes on the Russian rear. Since the introduction of improved drones in February-March 2026, the balance of power has been visibly tipping in favor of Ukraine, and the FP-7 and FP-9 ballistic missiles that are expected to enter service in the coming months will shift that even more so.

As to neutrality, Finland didn't join NATO because a 80-year-old clock ran out, but because the unprovoked nature of the war against Ukraine and the scale of it proved neutrality as an unviable option. There's simply no hope for any country in Europe to avoid such invasion without betraying their independence and becoming a colony of Russia, nor to stand against such onslaught alone. Even with pooled European resources and additional support from all parts of the world, it's still very difficult, as we can see from the news.

Ukraine pursued the same kind of "sitting on both stools" neutrality and it didn't work out, because that did little to slash Russian ambitions, but left Ukraine without much stronger foreign support in the initial stages of the war.

There's a reason why from the arctic tip of Norway down to the hot deserts of the Middle East, not a single neutral country remains on Russian border anymore. What you are suggesting is exactly the kind of recipe that led to this war: isolate your country from allies and hope Russians don't come to attack you. That is not a responsible statesmanship.

mopsi··on South Korea proposes talks to officially end war with North

  > Demanding "security guarantees" while undermining Russian security is oxymoronic. 
Talking about security of the largest violator of security in Europe is oxymoronic without the oxy part. Europeans still have Russian soldiers beating their heads with sapper shovels and driving tracked vehicles over people in fairly recent living memory (1991) while "We can repeat it!" remains a popular Russian chant and Russian state TV can't stop fantasizing about nuking major European cities, and we should be worrying about Russian security? Why?

  > It was only when certain Ukrainian leaders decided that they wish to form ties with the west, even if it meant undermining Russian security, that Russia became belligerent against Ukraine.
Completely untrue. The USSR was a totalitarian dictatorship run by people from the upper ranks of military and security services. They lost their grip on the country when they ran it economically into the ground in the late 1980s, but quickly returned to their positions by the mid-1990s by outmaneuvering political parties, big business, criminal gangs and all other challengers of power. By the late 1990s, when Clinton was still in the office and the western world was singing kumbaya about the end of history, the old KGB-military clan had solidified power in Russia and had become openly hostile to European integration and globalization to maintain their privileges in a hermit kingdom. The pivot to antagonism in Russia far predates the Ukraine war, Ukraine's attempt to enter NATO, and many other events. The earliest sign was Russian conduct in the first Chechen war and the genocide against Chechen population in 1994-1996. That was a key moment that showed that nothing had fundamentally changed in Russia, and contributed to the first wave of countries joining NATO to isolate themselves from the prospect of falling victim to the same kind of violence.

Regarding Ukraine specifically, important events that led to the changing perception of Russia were the 2003 Tuzla island conflict, in which Russia violated the territory of Ukraine, along with constant Russian meddling with the internal affairs of Ukraine, peaking with the spectacular poisoning of Ukraine's president Viktor Yushchenko. The before and after pictures speak for themselves: https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2009/09/28/ukraine-pm-t...

When a neighboring country violates your territory, intimidates your voters and supports electoral fraud, and poisons your highest representatives, then no shit that you're going to orient more toward the countries that treat you better. Don't throw shit around if you don't want people to turn away from you. Not a very novel idea, is it?

  > The straw that broke the camel's back was when these leaders explicitly and publicly stated that they wanted to join NATO (a military alliance specifically against Russia) ... Talk about idiocy - why would any country knowingly allow another country to undermine its own security, if it can do something about it?
The entire premise that European security cooperation "undermines" Russian security hangs on the expectation that Russia is destined to violate European security, in which case organizations like NATO would be activated to counter it and would present an obstacle. And that such unified European front against Russian aggression would be unsporting and unfair. It's the "burglars dislike neighborhood watch" argument.

Andrei Kozyrev, who was the Russian minister of foreign affairs 1990-1996 and the leading man in rebuilding Russia's post-USSR international relations, offers a different perspective. Instead of having ten little post-breakup Yugoslavias on its borders, mired in endless civil wars that are overspilling crime and refugees into Russia, European security cooperation has instead lead to Russia's neighbors becoming some of the most prosperous, stable and predictible countries on the planet. The Germans, French, British, and Americans have poured billions upon billions into transforming Eastern Europe's rickety people's militias into modern first-world militaries, led by professional civil servants and held to the highest standards of accountability. Solving disagreements through cooperation frameworks like the EU (instead of guns) has become the established norm. Russia has reaped immense benefits without having to pay anything for it. Kozyrev, bluntly, calls this "free-of-charge security for Russia". According to him, Russia has gained spectacularly in terms of security from the cooperation, and it's a total disgrace that the Russian state has spent decades trying to destroy it.

mopsi··on As AI eats the web, the internet’s collective memory is disappearing
What's wrong with bombing Yugoslavia? The bombing campaign cost about 500 lives, but put an end to a decade-long series of wars that had killed 140 000 people and made 4 million refugees. Never seen anyone explain what exactly the grievance is here.
mopsi··on New Intelligence Warns Russia May Provoke NATO Amid Dwindling U.S. Munitions
See? You don't even address the ideas anymore, but resort to taking cheap shots. All the passion is gone and what's left is an almost mechanical repetition of "coup, coup, midwifed, midwifed".
mopsi··on New Intelligence Warns Russia May Provoke NATO Amid Dwindling U.S. Munitions

  > The promise of NATO membership in 2008
No, that was a polite "no" without any timeline, and was widely criticised as such at the time, and nowadays widely called a mistake, including by former NATO Secretary-General Rasmussen. I've explained you this countless times, yet you keep repeating like a broken record. Repetition won't make it any more truthful.
mopsi··on The Tungsten Market Is Warning of an Upcoming War

  > It is not "greatest hits", it is simply a view much closer to truth than the western (US) version of events.
No, it is the political equivalent of Viagra-advertising copypastas that litter unmaintained Blogspot and Wordpress blogs. The lowest tier of garbage. Why do you expect anyone to take this seriously? Nobody takes seriously Hitler's speeches about how everyone was taking advantage of Germany, and mistreating Germans, and how Germany was "forced" to wage a "defensive war".
mopsi··on The Tungsten Market Is Warning of an Upcoming War
This greatests hits compilation of a Russian troll factory has become awfully stale.
mopsi··on Twenty-five years ago it was cryptography, today it's model weights

  > Doing all of the piracy stuff with VPNs and navigating torrent sites and getting a setup where you can play files on your TV is an order of magnitude more work.
It's not 2003 anymore. If "navigating torrent sites" is your idea of piracy, then you should certainly check out the so-called arr-stack of software that searches online sources for wishlisted items, downloads them, equips with metadata and subtitles, and presents for viewing or listening without any user input, based on predefined preferences.

Apple TV and other commercial offerings are a steaming pile of shit in comparison and I can't imagine people like the CEO of Apple watching stuff off Apple TV and not a proper arr-stack setup. It's like eating McDonald's every for every meal when a chef is readily available. Why would you do this to yourself.

With Apple TV, you can't even do something as mundane was fixing translation errors in subtitles before you show a movie to a friend. You're stuck with what some cheap outsourced translation service came up with. It reduces the owner of the library to a passive mouthbreather who has virtually no control over their experience; can't choose which cut of the movie to see; can't replace an ugly poster with a nicer one; can't edit movie description to remove spoilers; and so on and on. In essence, you're watching someone else's library, and that someone has not put much effort into proper curation to present every item from the best possible side.

mopsi··on Does every question mark deserve a Betteridge?
Ask HN: Is every headline just a Betteridge headline now?

We analyzed 10M articles and found most questions don't need answers

I built a classifier that tells you if a headline ends in a question mark for engagement

We replaced all headlines with statements and traffic disappeared

mopsi··on Third Drone Shot Down in Three Days in Romanian Territory

  > Then Ukraine chose to abruptly end the talks following the intervention of the West, allegedly Boris John in particular.
Didn't happen. You keep repeating a misquoted soundbite from one of Ukraine's negotiators.

David Arkhamia said that after the Bucha massacre was uncovered, western governments stopped pressuring Ukraine into halting the war at any cost (including surrender). This was Boris Johnson's message too.

Russian propaganda put a spin on it, misrepresenting the "reduction of western pressure on Ukraine to surrender" as "western pressure on Ukraine to fight". This supports the overall propaganda narrative that Ukraine is resisting the Russian invasion only because they are forced to by foreign governments, and not because they want to be free, independent and, not live under the Russian boot.

That's all the substance there is behind this "Boris Johnson forced Ukraine to fight" story.

mopsi··on Russia's businesses under strain from Ukraine's attacks on Wildberries

  > They seem utterly bewildered by the fact Ukraine is even attacking Russia at all, it doesn't seem to make any sense to them.
There was a recent comment chain on HN that showcased very well the pretzel that a surprisingly large number of Russians are turning themselves into to "explain" the events: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48876070

They have been propagandized to such extent that they just cannot accept the reality even when it becomes completely undeniable. Ukraine blows up something near them in Russia, and they go completely off the rails explaining how this has nothing to do with Russia nor Ukraine, but is some IMF-Blackrock-NWO scheme against Slavs, with references to the 1999 staged terrorist attacks in Russia that solidified Putin's rise to power. The war isn't real and a "third party" is in charge of both militaries and using them to play mind games on Russians to coerce them into accepting "globalist plans".

It's utterly fascinating to observe the breakdown of sense of reality in real time as lifelong propaganda narratives (like the might of the Russian army) turn out to be lies and the world they thought they lived in turns out to be a mirage. And it's remarkable that these conspiracy theories are not coming from central figures, such as a small circle of social media grifters (vaccine-autism, chemtrails, flat earth, etc), but appear from the grassroots, which is why there are so many variations. Many millions of people are still trying to make sense of these events within a propagandized worldview that they cannot let go of.

mopsi··on Future euro banknote design proposals
Announcement: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2026/html/ecb.pr2607...

Public survey: https://surveys.ecb.europa.eu/10b/neweuro/

mopsi··on British Steel taken into public ownership to protect 'vital' UK supply

  > Things were accelerating rapidly on the Ukraine-NATO front.
They weren't. Ukraine is still nowhere near getting a membership action plan, which is the formal start of membership negotiations.

We saw with Finland and Sweden how quickly entry into the organization can progress if there's a will in the alliance to accept new members. We have not seen such will regarding Ukraine.

The whole "blame NATO" narrative is just a waste of everyone's time and completely ignores the internal developments in Russia and the ambitions of Putin and his clan. The main goal of the ex-Soviet security apparatus is to restore their lost empire and the special privileged position of the security services within it. To Europeans, the Cold War and the Iron Curtain were abnormalities that have been rectified; to the current generation of Russian decision-makers, the Cold War was a normalcy that they strive to return to. Russian dissidents have been warning for decades that the destruction of Russian democracy would sooner or later lead to resurgence of Soviet imperial thinking, and that's exactly what we're seeing.

NATO itself bears little importance in this. Russia is against all forms of European cooperation and would prefer to see countries alone and isolated, because it would permit attacking them one by one, instead of facing a joint front that they can't beat.

mopsi··on How to hide from killer drones
No, that's just an impotent power fantasy. Even among the hardcore nationalist crowd (the so-called "Z-society"), support for the use of nuclear weapons remains a fringe position, because nuclear weapons are not known to spawn conscripts and gasoline, lower the price of potatoes and carrots and other essentials, or attract Chinese foreign investments.
mopsi··on How Ukraine Built a War Fighting State
1. Wanted in 2008, did not get an invitation, and that was the end of it. Russia invaded in 2014 because of deepening Ukraine-EU trade ties.

2. Most of Eastern Europe has been in NATO for over 20 years and has not seen any permanent stationing of "NATO troops", whatever that means. And the forces that were in Western Europe have seen dramatic decrease since the 1980s, around 5-10x across all key categories (personnel, weapons, etc). The US military is currently undergoing a review with the goal of making further reductions of their presence in Europe.

mopsi··on How to hide from killer drones

  > Why do you see that institute as the authority on the secession of Donetsk and Lugansk? 
It is one of the most respected courts on the planet, and the verdict is long and detailed when it comes to describing the smokescreen Russians deployed to hide their role. All the key facts are nicely laid out, notable people and events are mentioned.

Nothing described there is meaningfully contested by anyone other than talking heads on the Russian state TV and the cheap whores who parrot their talking points in the west. The commander of the 2014 invasion force is a public figure and used to hold multi-hour livestreams where he talked about the same things; namely, that his forces were directly responsible for the war, and that there was no groundroots support for them among the locals in Ukraine. He often complained that the 2014 invasion stalled because Moscow did not allocate him enough soldiers, tanks and artillery to work with.

  > So, going back to the cold war is insufficient, you want to make analogies to Stalin's USSR in the 1940s? That's almost all the way to Godwin's law.
Not at all. There are more recent examples too, from the 1990s:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Ossetia

Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are just some of the oldest examples of this. At this point, you have to be intentionally trolling to take these "people's republics" propped up by Russian military with any credibility. Russians have been abusing the concept of peoples' right to self-determination for about as long as the concept has existed, to justify territorial expansion.

  > Still, you are making my point, in that the war in Ukraine is perceived as NATO's war, or the US-and-EU's war, to fend off the evil Russians like in the old days.
No, the level of US and European involvement does not warrant such framing. North Korea has gone further than any of them and deployed actual troops by tens of thousands to the frontlines in support of Russia, and yet nobody calls it a North Korean-Ukrainian war because that would be a poor description of the nature of this war.
mopsi··on How to hide from killer drones

  > With Donetsk and Lugansk, Russia did not annex; those areas seceded from Ukraine, declared independence and fought a protracted war against the Ukrainian Army for some years.
The European Court of Human Rights investigated this in their verdict relating to the shootdown of the Malaysian airliner. The court found no evidence of any separatist movement, any seccession or independence. Instead, the court found that the whole thing had been under Russian military command from the get-go, carried out by a mix of Russian military, operatives of special services and local collaborators acting under direct orders from Russians.

The verdict: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/?i=001-244292

Key part:

  The reality of the relationship between the separatists on the one hand and the respondent State [Russia] on the other was such that, whatever their legal status, the separatists were completely dependent on military, political and economic support from the respondent State to carry out their activities and were, ultimately, a mere instrument of that State. It is for these reasons that the Court was persuaded that, from 11 May 2014, the relationship of the separatists to the Russian Federation was so much one of dependence on the one side and control on the other that it would be right to equate the separatists in the “DPR” and the “LPR” with de facto organs of the Russian Federation, within the meaning of Article 4 ARSIWA. Any other solution would allow States to avoid their Convention obligations by choosing to act through entities whose supposed independence is purely fictitious.
There's nothing new about this. Russians did the same in the 1940s when they invaded Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. They staged coups, created fake "people's governments", and those governments promptly asked to be absorbed by Russians. The same was attempted with Finland too. For a short period, an absurd fictitious entity called the Finnish Democratic Republic existed: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_Democratic_Republic

At this point, it's such a common Russian strategy that in several European countries children learn about in the middle school, from the times when it was used against their own countries.

mopsi··on How Ukraine Built a War Fighting State

  > Russia shouldn’t tolerate NATO troops stationed on one of its longest land borders.
There weren't any anywhere in Eastern Europe before Russia invaded Ukraine.
mopsi··on How to hide from killer drones

  > NATO is certainly participating:
  > * It supplies most ammunition and arms and much of the equipment.
NATO is a coordination office. Its purpose is to provide the higher levels of command structure to coordinate multi-national forces when activated. It does not own ammunition, arms nor other equipment, nor does it decide where they go (except in wartime). Similarly, NATO has not imposed any sanctions against Russia, because it does not control anything.

Instead, the most important decision-making platform has been the so-called Ukraine Defense Contact Group, which consists of 57 countries, of which only 32 are members of NATO.

  > * A negotiations process in Istanbul, having reached a draft agreement which would have concluded the war, in early 2022, was vetoed by NATO, or at least the US and the UK.
Not true. At the time, most of Ukraine's supporters were pushing them toward any kind of deal with Russians at the expense of Ukraine's interests, until the discovery of Bucha massacre made that pressure untenable. The whole narrative that NATO, the US, or Boris Johnson personally forced Ukraine to continue fighting comes from selective quoting of David Arakhamia, a member of Ukraine's negotiating team.

  > And this is in the context of NATO's long-standing strategy of expanding eastwards towards Russia
There is no such strategy and no such "context" except in the Russian state propaganda. Central and Eastern European countries have had to fight tooth and nail to gain entry. One of the best examples of this were Poland's threats to sink Clinton's re-election campaign with Polish-American votes if he tried to block Poland's entry into NATO.
mopsi··on Nintendo announces new product revisions in Europe with replaceable batteries
Rechargeable batteries have become very good and very cheap. IKEA sells 4xAA batteries for 8€, made in Japan, last 500-1000 cycles. Many "non-user-serviceable" devices actually have them inside; they're just not accessible without breaking the plastic clips that hold everything together: https://www.pololu.com/category/54/batteries
mopsi··on The Music of Destruction
"The Great Patriotic War" is a propagandistic term that selectively frames the war as something that happened between 1941 and 1945, to obscure USSR's role in the first few years of the war. It diverts attention from the joint partition of Poland with Nazi Germany (the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact), the Winter War against Finland, the invasions Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and parts of Romania, and USSR's extensive economic cooperation with Germany in 1939-1941, which helped sustain the German war effort during the Fall of France and the Battle of Britain.

It's widely known that Germany had chronic shortage of oil products through the war (which led to them developing coal-based synthetic fuels, etc), but few know that - for example - USSR supplied crude oil and various petroleum products to Germany during the Battle of Britain, which were processed into fuels and lubricants for Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine, which helped them bomb London and sink allied ships in the Atlantic. "The Great Patriotic War" framing helps to hide all of this and uphold the national myth that Russians were merely a victims in the war and liberators of Europe, not chief collaborators with Hitler in the destruction of pre-war Europe.

Under Putin, this winners-liberators narrative has been dialed up to 11 and turned into a state-promoted MAGA-like "victory cult": https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobedobesie

Perhaps the best examples of this are "victory parades" with preschoolers, dressed up by their teachers: https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2019/05/10/russian-preschoole...

mopsi··on Forest Brothers Game: Survive the Russian Cold War Occupation of Estonia
What a load of nonsense.

When the USSR collapsed in 1991, the citizens of the USSR had to choose their future. If they were in countries that declared independence from the USSR as it was falling apart, they could become citizens of those countries. They could also apply for the citizenship of Russian Federation, because RF had declared itself a successor state to the USSR. By default, those who did nothing, became aliens, which is a funny legal term for people without citizenship.

A shitload of Russians outside of Russia did nothing out of misplaced belief that the Soviet Union would return any day now, and they remain without any citizenship.

The irony is that all sorts of human rights organizations see stateless people as horrible tragedy, but the stateless Russians prefer it, because being an alien grants certain privileges on both sides (like visa-free travel in both Europe and Russia) while simultaneously exempting from certain duties like mandatory conscription (again, on both sides). In some regards, both countries treat you as a citizen; in others, both treat you as a foreigner. If you have regular business on both sides of the border, then the alien passport is the best travel document to have.

And if you don't want it anymore, all you have to do is demonstrate B1 level language proficiency and knowledge of the constitution to get a citizenship.

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