Your US credit score is an assessment of your risk to potential lenders based on different factors. The alternative is that only rich people get credit, because they most likely will pay it back...which used to be the case 30+ years ago.
Every person I know with terrible credit has access to all of the things you mentioned.
China's system is based on things like your friends and your opinions of the government and is just a way to control the people.
It's also mandated by the government. Last I checked, Equifax can't put me in jail for a bad credit score.
Totally different and scary.