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Agreed!

And if government services do go online only, then I think the government is obligated to provide free internet access and training to those who can't afford it, in the same way that they provide roads and legal defense.

> that's just an implementation detail leaking.

I feel like this is every wart in the C++ language!

Interfaces don't have a compile-time size so I don't see how you can use avoid boxing if you want a collection of IFoo.

(Optimized) discriminated unions have a size that is the max size of the possible types, plus a flag to indicate the type. This is the best you can hope for without boxing.

You are writing C# like it's F#. In F# you can write union types that are also structs:

    [<Struct>]
    type Entry = 
      | Message
      | Term
      | Comment

And like in Rust, you have pattern matching on them:

    let computeFooForEntry entry = 
      match entry with
      | Message -> 0
      | Term -> 1
      | Comment -> 2

The best thing about .NET over Java is the ability to define custom struct types.

In Java, every object is heap allocated - unless you are lucky enough for that to be optimized away. If you absolutely need the performance, you must resort to a weird kind of place-orientated programming, where you pass around mutable references to primitive types that get operated on by static functions. It kind of resembles C, but without the struct keyword!

It's funny how the word "traditional" is thrown around. A traditional marriage in the biblical or medieval sense treated women as property, which is probably much closer to what Andy Rubin was up to than a consensual BDSM relationship!

Really the only point I want to make is that we shouldn't lump consensual "non-mainstream" relationships with abusive ones and call it "those freaks over there".

If you do stuff like this: https://weblogs.asp.net/dixin/category-theory-via-csharp-7-m...

(Note this is horrible because C# does not support this style well, in F# it's idomatic)

Andy Rubin sexually harassed people. That's not the same thing.

I can only comment on C# / F#.

The C# versions of F# features tend to be pretty clunky compared to the F# versions. This is because F# was designed for them from the beginning, rather than having them tacked on. Functional programming is getting easier in C#, no question about that, but honestly, it still kind of sucks. And the OOP-minded C# devs on your team still won't be able to make sense of your code that leverages all these fancy new features anyway.

Keeping file version history inside the file makes me feel queasy.

Doesn't that make it even more like Software Engineering?

Some people argue that too much liquidity can lead to greater boom-bust cycles.

Economics reminds me of Software Engineering a bit, where smart people on two sides can argue opposite cases and both sound reasonable!

C# has a HKT proposal now. If C# gets it, F# will soon follow.

Agreed. F# lacks the HKT that the OP calls for, but it is possible to write plenty of pragmatic functional code without them. They might land soon though.

Not if you have language support for monads / do-notation / computation expressions.

Many "problems" that people have with functional programming occur because they are trying to use FP techniques in a language that isn't really equipped for functional programming (JavaScript, C#, Java, Go...).

What can an individual do to protect against this (excluding going off-grid)?

F# Async functions are colored, in case people are wondering.

However, you can "un-color" them like this:

    doAsyncThing
    |> Async.RunSynchronously

Down-voter clearly needs to tidy their room!

Just FYI, the name "based" made me think this was some kind of alt-right thing.

This is not a problem that was created by individual actions, and it won't be solved by them either. The bodies responsible for planning our infrastructure (roads, sidewalks, office buildings, etc) need to make "active" choices the most convenient. This could be as simple as making the elevator a little bit hidden (but still available for those who cannot use the stairs) whilst making the stairs look more inviting. Or ensuring that a direct and safe network of sidewalks is always available in our city centres. Or prioritizing pedestrian phases at traffic lights.

It's not just the sugar. In developed countries we have successfully removed all incidental exercise from our daily lives. Some examples:

* Drive short distances rather than walk

* Home deliveries rather than getting things ourselves

* Escalators and elevators everywhere

* Drive-thrus to avoid short walk across a parking lot

* Childrens' play restricted to indoors or small yards

The UK government must be more careful with inflation than the US government because the pound is not a serious reserve currency used across the world as the US dollar is. That said, the UK government has borrowed significantly to pay for coronavirus relief programs.

90%+ of people are not going to read that

Good point; I did not know this.

However, as a regular user, I assumed ProtonDB was also Valve, and that will be the main contact point for many.

My problem with Proton is that they are not strict enough with their ratings. I see a game has "platinum" or "gold" support and think "great, this will work well!" but then I discover it crashes after alt-tab and multiplayer doesn't work at all, which I consider critical bugs.

To me, the levels should be:

* Paltinum - the game works as well as it does on officially supported platforms

* Gold - the game works almost as well as on supported platforms but with minor niggles that don't significantly affect the experience

* Bronze - the game works in some form, but major things might be broken. It would not ship in this state on official platforms.

However, the project is a great start and I look forward to what they do next!

This is arguably worse than an engineering failure though... In an engineering failure we can identify a concrete reason for the failure and integrate that into our engineering knowledge. On the other hand, we will never be able to eliminate the human / bureaucratic element.

Rent controls provide a strong disincentive for people to move, which prevents people taking jobs they might otherwise have taken. It's hard to estimate the overall economic cost of this, since the effect is diffuse, but it is likely significant.

This! My favourite thing about working with F# is the tiny delta between prototype script and production MVP.

For the wealthy, a car is expensive but mostly a convenient way to get around. For the poor, car maintenance costs can be ruinous. However, our society (excluding a few large cities) all but requires a car for day-to-day activities. Everyone drivers, but the poor bear the brunt of the cost, since they are more likely to live near noisy, polluted roads. Meanwhile, the wealthy can afford to live on quiet suburbs and cul-de-sacs. Cities and infrastructure designed for cars ("car dependency") disproportionately hurts the poor.

Another way of describing the "game perspective" is simply: "a stock is worth what someone else will pay for it". This sounds obvious, but the implication is that the stock price has no direct connection to how a company performs.