104 karma · joined March 14, 2021
Announced on the Cryptography mailing list 31 Oct 2024 (https://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2024-October...) to coincide with the 16th anniversary of the Bitcoin Whitepaper announcement (https://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-October...).
To support future research, you can buy the working paper using Bitcoin: https://canonic.xyz/p/19REK14thnY5Y2b8MfnBmaQs6G3VHoY9oQ
We begin by defining Claude Shannon’s elementary unit of classical information: the bit. We then define Benjamin Schumacher’s elementary unit of quantum information: the qubit. We use photons as a way to illustrate both.
We use this understanding of quantum information to describe quantum computers. We introduce the concepts of superposition and entanglement. We show how powerful quantum computers are relative to classical computers. We briefly discuss Shor’s algorithm and Grover’s algorithm.
We end with a description of quantum key generation and distribution (QKD). We show that QKD provides a method for parties to have full certainty as to whether a key was intercepted by an eavesdropper because all eavesdropping measurements perturb the quantum information.