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For text rendering, Brisk uses FreeType to render glyphs on the CPU and caches these glyphs in a GPU-accessible texture, which is reused for improved performance. This approach is common among GUI toolkits for handling graphics and fonts.
In addition to this, Brisk employs SDF (signed distance field) graphics wherever possible, which are entirely computed in shaders.
This technique is utilized in modern frameworks like Jetpack Compose, Flutter and SwiftUI and unlocks several powerful features, such as flexible data binding and the ability to rebuild the widget tree on demand, features that would be quite difficult to implement in other libraries.
An alternative approach is to use the rcnew macro, which wraps a pointer in a shared_ptr under the hood. Details on the implementation of rcnew can be found at: https://www.kfr.dev/blog/three-cpp-tricks/