In theory, HATEOS is designed to resolve this problem.
Quick 3 min draft example: https://gist.github.com/djames-bloom/2131d021a8f6d3d09c5a808...
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Quick 3 min draft example: https://gist.github.com/djames-bloom/2131d021a8f6d3d09c5a808...
It would be interesting to see the reason for the drop-off in the other 39 patients, and for the trial to be replicated on a much wider scale; not to mention, if the method of treatment would be effective with other forms of cancer.
Also worth noting that this was used in conjunction with the standard treatment of chemoradiotherapy and surgery, so with such a small cohort, it's difficult to assess if the PD-1 antibody truly was the key factor in the treatment, or if the standard procedure would have had a successful outcome in each patient alone.