Yes. Not much.
Dangerous ports are already turned off with group policy (USB, removable media etc), BIOSes are locked down, hardware is still available that will support XP, the networks aren't directly connected to the Internet so they will either be airgapped or have massive edge content filters and firewalls. There aren't many infection vectors for nasties. In fact most of the machines probably don't even have latest updates on them already. Possible not even SP2.
Microsoft probably won't be paid other than through their select agreements which allow XP use indefinitely. 3rd party consultants will swarm to help any issues for a fee which is still cheaper than upgrading.
The world will still spin and lots of "meh" will be chanted as Windows 7 boxes slowly trickle into production with an old ancient IE9 build on them as and when they feel like it...
This really isn't a big issue for companies and governments despite technology news panic stations and sensationalism.
To be fair, I consider that I'll be using Windows 7 until possibly after EOL as it does what I need. I'm sitting on a second hand 2008 circa Lenovo T400 and have a spare one in the cupboard. It'll do me fine until 2020 - progress hasn't exactly been rapid in IT in the 6 years.