But the underlying principal is the same. You require participants to spend X time in a problem with no shortcuts. Changing the problem does not allow you to bypass this issue. If you choose a problem that requires less time to calculate, you increase the probability that someone spams the network with fake data.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof-of-work_system
You either have a centralized system that can cheaply tell you if something is legitimate, otherwise this is the only way to protect a decentralized system. To my knowledge, there is no altcoin with any significant amount of use that does not use this principal. Please tell me which altcoins do not use this principal.