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bonzini

9,699 karma · joined August 16, 2011

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bonzini··on LeCun has "zero concerns" about AI wiping out humanity, recent "rogue" incidents
As of a few months ago they still have trouble, with low thinking, at the "should I drive to a car wash that is 100 m away" kind of question.
bonzini··on Red Hat being phased out of existence?
Liberty Linux is repackaging Red Hat work that is mostly visible in CentOS Stream. It doesn't have any original engineering. Same for Oracle.
bonzini··on Red Hat being phased out of existence?
Thanks to you!
bonzini··on Red Hat being phased out of existence?
Why would they have to shoulder a heavier burden? Anyhow no, if Red Hats ceased to exist, OpenELA would disappear. They are not doing any upstream engineering work.
bonzini··on Red Hat being phased out of existence?
Well, techrights is not exactly reliable. I'd put it on the same level as the Daily Mail.
bonzini··on Red Hat being phased out of existence?
They are not fully integrating go-to-market. In the podcast Krishna says that the size and organization of Red Hat's GTM was larger than every other acquisition, and they were looking at partial integration only. Since then they actually have moved the sales teams for smaller markets to IBM. Red Hat kept the 20 or so largest markets and the verticals.

Right now operations is employed by IBM but still mostly working as they did at Red Hat. We'll see how that changes over the next couple years, as that would be the first look at Red Hat integrating into IBM.

bonzini··on Red Hat being phased out of existence?
Krishna's words on the podcast you cite were: "Red Hat has not been integrated... yet. [...] Engineering in Red Hat, I actually believe given the open-source nature of Red Hat, is going to have to be its own function. So, engineering I will likely not integrate because working at their scale of open source, maybe that is one where IBM learns from them, and things that are open source should belong much more in the Red Hat methodology than ours".

Operations (HR, finance, legal, IT) has already been integrated into IBM and that's what the post is talking about. Not engineering.

bonzini··on Red Hat being phased out of existence?
For what it's worth:

* Engineering, marketing, and most of sales are still Red Hat (different employer, different benefits etc.)

* IT and some smaller sales teams are moving to IBM

* Over the years some teams were exchanged between the companies, for example AI went from IBM to Red Hat and middleware went the other way round.

You may say this is simply boiling the frog, but Red Hat is still employing thousands of people.

bonzini··on AI and the Destruction of the Creative Commons
Attribution and copyright are separate. Who says that, even if copyright didn't exist for software, attribution also wouldn't?

If anything, the remark that I have to make to the parent is that in principle attribution is also required by non-copyleft licenses. However, I doubt it's respected for the hundreds of crates or npm modules in a typical Rust or JavaScript project...

bonzini··on OpenAI bots knew about the RubyGems caching vulnerability
Sometimes negligence is enough for criminal law too. I don't know the details of the CFAA.
bonzini··on OpenAI bots knew about the RubyGems caching vulnerability
No, but surely it's negligent to let an agent run unsupervised and without guardrails for days while at the same time bragging about AI carrying a potential extinction risk?
bonzini··on OpenAI bots knew about the RubyGems caching vulnerability
You don't need to make a law. Who was prosecuted for dieselgate? You need to enforce existing ones.
bonzini··on OpenAI bots knew about the RubyGems caching vulnerability
Negligence is enough. Somebody who brags every other day that AI could lead to human extinction surely would think twice before leaving agents run unchecked over the internet?
bonzini··on OpenAI bots knew about the RubyGems caching vulnerability
> Maybe we need "quality certifications" for AI agents

We need to use the laws that exist. Whoever decided to start the experiment that led to the Huggingface hack, and anyone above him up to Sam Altman, needs to be prosecuted under the CFAA.

bonzini··on Microcode in Intel's 8087 floating-point chip: the scale instruction
It only has 2048 opcodes available. A one-operand register or memory operand operation takes 32, while two register operands would take twice as many. Loads and stores have to specify the memory format (three floating point formats, BCD, word, 64-bit integer), so each instruction used 120 encodings or so even with a single operand; loads and stores alone would use almost all the opcode space if they also had to include the destination register.

In other words there simply isn't room in the encoding to specify two operands, so they went for the stack model.

bonzini··on Stabilizing Rust's Never Type
You need to unwrap but the compiler removes the call. If instead you know that the callee is infallible you can also do

    let Ok(x) = call_that_cant_fail();
bonzini··on Microcode in Intel's 8087 floating-point chip: the scale instruction
That's a really vertical microcode. It looks more like a specialized assembly than microcode. I guess it makes sense, since the algorithms are so complex and executing one microinstruction per cycle (is that correct?) already provides almost an order of magnitude performance improvement.
bonzini··on Music Theory for the 21st-Century Classroom
Transposing is an important skill for all instruments. It's true that trombonists get some cases for free if they learn the tenor and alto clefs, but it's possible to learn it without knowing the C clefs.

And even trombonists have to learn how to handle sharps and flats in chromatic passages, so there's a lot more to transposing than using a different clef.

> Tenor clef shows up in modern musicals regularly.

This I didn't know, thanks!

bonzini··on Music Theory for the 21st-Century Classroom
FWIW, there's no real need for imagination here. The comment says "mostly", and added a parenthetical comment that was simply meant to name the viola as a prominent remaining use.

In particular, trombones have almost entirely stopped using the tenor clef in jazz.

bonzini··on Music Theory for the 21st-Century Classroom
Yes, I did write "mostly". Sometimes the bassoon uses the C clef as well. Still, overall it can be safely ignored in most cases.
bonzini··on Music Theory for the 21st-Century Classroom
The point is that to a player the mapping is more important than the core 12-note structure, because highly chromatic (12-note) passages happen but they are the exception.

At least in western music you pick the seven basic notes on the scale, and that gives you the sharps and flats you place at the beginning of each line. That choice, from the point of view of notation, is even more important than the exact scale. And the choice is constrained to 15 sets of sharps and flats because it implicitly tells the player (veeeery roughly) to expect some patterns that probably will occur.

It doesn't always work great, for example if you want to write the Simpsons theme the set of notes in the scale doesn't fit any of those 15 sets. But it uses an unfamiliar scale in any case, so there's not much to gain and as a player you just deal with it.

See around 32:30 in https://youtu.be/Eq3bUFgEcb4?t=1950

bonzini··on Music Theory for the 21st-Century Classroom
More like, only if you're playing Schoenberg it's about modulo 12.

Almost all sheet music that you play uses 5 or 7 unequal subdivisions of the octave, and occasionally the rest. Sure, sometimes you'll have one or two of the rest on a regular basis (blues, harmonic/melodic minor), but still most music won't use all twelve.

bonzini··on Music Theory for the 21st-Century Classroom
https://youtu.be/Eq3bUFgEcb4 explains why music notation is the way it is. There are very good reasons for it.

The parts that are really weird (like the C clef) have mostly been obsoleted, unless you play the viola I guess.

bonzini··on What algorithm did Windows XP use to choose your initial user picture?
You have to allocate memory and free it.

Interestingly, when reading Raymond Chen's article I thought "reservoir sampling would compare the random number (between 1 and n) to 1, not to n, because that extends more easily to picking more than one element" - and that's what the actual Windows code uses.

bonzini··on Music Theory for Programmers
It's not a scientific theory, but musical theory concepts are certainly used by players when playing. Would you rather it be called music ontology or something like that?
bonzini··on Music Theory for Programmers
Or maybe not... surely if you are shown figured bass you will be pissed, but on the other hand understanding triads and sevenths provides some intuition about inversions, voice leading, rootless voicings, upper structures, diatonic movement of voices. Certainly not enough to orchestrate a piece, but enough to listen to educational YouTube videos, follow lead sheets, think about what you're hearing.

Harmonics and temperament aren't really relevant to all this, though at some point you have to explain why certain intervals are naturally consonant but "boring", and others can be made to make sense but mostly within a more complex voicing (which reconnects to topics like inversions and voice leading).

(For disclosure I studied piano until ~20, both classical and jazz, and I would call my knowledge of jazz theory "decent" for someone with zero professional or academic experience. Obviously not comparable to yours and not even in English, so perhaps what I wrote above will sound really stupid).

bonzini··on Music Theory for Programmers
Are Peano's axioms number theory? No one really uses them directly (other than induction) when working on practical number theory problems, but they are considered part of it.

Scales and chords build the fundamental basic blocks for Western music (I would introduce equal temperament third but that's only a matter of ordering). They are taken for granted in musical practice, I agree, but only because musical practice concerns itself about how/what to play and why. If somebody comes from the point of view that clefs and stems (which are undoubtedly musical tools) are gatekeeping and all you need is a piano roll, this article explains from first principles enough musical building blocks to tell them why they're wrong.

bonzini··on Music Theory for Programmers
I think what he means as music theory is the next step after what this (blatantly AI-written, but passable) article talks about. This is the part that you take for granted, but it certainly is music theory in the same way that Peano's axioms are number theory even though you don't use them explicitly.

The AI style gets boring very quickly, but I liked the explanation of what Western music notation is optimized for. For more information on this, there's a great and long video at https://youtu.be/Eq3bUFgEcb4.

(Edit: I wrote this around the same time as the reply, which more or less confirmed my hunch)

bonzini··on Banca Etica Suspends A/I's Account While Condemning the Sanctions Behind It
That's the point.
bonzini··on Banca Etica Suspends A/I's Account While Condemning the Sanctions Behind It
It's still not "fairly clear".
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