bgnn

I'm surprised to not see anyone else mentioning this.

I love solar. But.. What about using pipes?

Not living in the US but in the Netherlands. It's quite popular to do this, because the energy is really expensive, be it electricity, be it natural gas, be it petrol. If you are able to own a single family home, you are likely to have the means to invest 4k-10k euros solar installation costs (depending on how many panels) and benefit from reduced energy bill.

In short, cheap energy might be the culprit but I don't know for sure.

I'm not sure, as this paper is very confusing in its style, but I think they try to modulate the load resistance connected to an antenna on the TX side. Since the open has a large real resistance (25k in their case), it's poorly impedance matched to the antenna and most of the noise powwr cannot be transferred to the antenna at 1.4 GHz they are using. 50 ohm load is well matched, hence the max noise power transfer to the antenna. This is all at TX.

I don't see a thermodynamic problem here. Noise modulation with switching is well known in electronics. Switched resistors and their noise is already analyzed. It is often in the context of noise parr of SNR though. They are using this noise modulation to transmit signals, which isn't too novel. I guess the transmit power is very low but this would be horrible for Shannon spectral efficiency because of the need for noise power detection, which cannot be instantenous.

TBH this makes the most sense. Nuclear for large scale shipping + battery electric or hydrogen for smaller distances, rivers etc.

Roundabout cyclist and pedestrian safety is a solved problem, in the Netherlands of course.

I guess, this explains why British and American breads taste awful. I know it's subjective, but this is how most people feel in contonental Europe.

You need sheep with tail fat like this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tail_fat

I really hate the fossil fuel dependency of the current aircrafts. Time will tell if there will be a place for battery electric aircraft, and if there is, will the introduction be in the west where Boeing and Airbus duopoly is killing all the competition (i.e. Bombardier CS series saga). I won't say China will be more open as it's popular to do these days on HN. One hopes some other nations with less political power but enough industrial capabilities can do this for domestic flights (like Brazil, India, Indonesia..) in the future, if the global politics continues to go in its current trend.

Exposure seems to be the best way out.

I've been to Gobeklitepe. Amazing place. What has been dug so far is a small fraction of what's under the surface yet.

These round structures are intriguing. It's thought to be temporary. People came from all directions, built these, stayed for a while, ate a lot of hunted animals, and they buried these structures to never use again. Why? We don't know.

I should visit Karahantepe too. Looks as interesting.

Rice is not a vegetable. It's not even the whole seed of a vegetable. It's just the starchy part.

Try eating wholegrain rice.

Can you please share a good reference on this? All I read about GLP-1 stuff is popular science style punlications. I'm genuinely interested in learning about their benefits over reducing caloric intake, i.e. diet.

Germany and France will pull thd other European countries down worh them.

No comment on the second part, but the first part is wrong. EU doesn't have a moat in process technology anymore (since 2010s). They have a bunch of legacy fabs, like 350, 180 and 130 nm but Taiwan, US, and China (and others like Israel, or Singapore) have these too. EU is severely lacking behind chip design, production and packaging capabilities for industrial, automotive, and space kind of niche applications since the heavy divestment from semiconductors after 2008 financial crisis and 2015 Euro crisis.

On top of this, once European giants like NXP (formerly Philips semiconductors), Infineon (formerly Siemens semiconductors), and ST are actively reducing their footprint in Europe and moving to India or SE Asia.

In short: No, EU has no future in those markets as designer or producer of chips.

It's a poor take to be honest.

I'm an EE with main expertise in IC design but I design a lot of the chip packages, PCBs, mechanical stuff like custom made sockets etc and write a ton of SW, be it tools for myself for development and testing, be it the firmware of the chip I'm designing or another chip I use on the board. For me it never felt like SW was the hard bit, because you can write and test it pretty immediately and pretty much for free. HW felt harder because of the tooling costs, lack of documentation and examples, things that aren't obvious at the beginning (EMI/EMC) etc etc but these are very minor compared to the actual issue: long and expensive development cycles. Now, that doesn't apply if your HW is extremely simple and just a glorified uC and rhe development time is mostly the code running on it. This is why this is such a poor take. One can argue for anything at extremes. SW can be very very complex and much harder than HW, and vice versa at different extremes.

Neato used to have a straight edge with 90 degree corners on both front edges. My Neato D7 is thr best robot vacuum I had. Unfortunately they shut down their cloud services, so it's useless now.

As an engineer in semiconductors in the Netherlands, I hear from a lot of my friends working at ASML the typical red flags of the rot. They have a very thick middle management layer. Nobody feels like they are working at a high tech company with cutting edge solutions. I believe the customer support roles are very dynamic and satisfying.

It is actually a type of cypress, not a cedar.

I have been buying an Asus laptop with Intel for our employees in the last 1.5 years, an ASUS ExpertBook P5 90NX0861-M007X0 to be precise, and it did not see even a cent of price increase.

I suspect this is because of its CPU, Intel Core Ultra 7 258V with 32GB RAM directly soldered on the CPU package, being overstock or something, or Intel secured the RAM supply upfront. I don't know but it's wild that this laptop is still early 2025 prices.

You can and this is absolutely done for GPUs. It's often more feasible to jump to the next gen GPU at this point while the old part goes into the refurbished market. I believe China buys a lit of parts like these. You will never know how much lifetime is left in them though, as there's no history of the chip.

Chips age and fail with age. You can check hot-carrier injection, bias-temperature instability and electromigration as they are the main aging mechanisms. All if these are a linear function of time but exponentieal of temperature. 90-100C these chips are running at are really tough, so they are likely to fail at couple of percent to 10% range in 2-3 years depending on the margins they have in the design.

The solder joints are notorious to fail at a high rate too.

Similar to an HFT company I know, using the money spent on tokens per developer as their efficiency metric. Insane.

Wow this is a nice read. I never thought injection moulding precision, relative to the dimensions of the object, to be in the same ballpark of what you can achieve with photolithography in chip manufacturing. This of course makes sense because we are at the end limited by the same principles of mechanical inaccuracy.

Even in late 90's the IP wasn't waponized. Most start-ups were just a bunch of employees leaving a company to compete with them while improving upon the previous IP.

Nowadays even start-ups are paranoid and starting a semicon company is orders of magnitude harder..

This is really inaccurate. The real reason is similar to why America was at the forefront of the other high tech sectors like aviation etc too: massive defense spending, a lot of business people (like Fairchild) willing to invest in a sector where they see the potential procurement from Pentagon, while starting to serve the civilian sector.

This is plainly wrong. I'm a chip designer. There's no way to implement a DFF operating at 12 GHz in 180nm, period. This isn't an optimization problem, it is physics.

Wait. Dod I read this right? Are you saying rice isn't real food but meat is?

I understand most cultures over-appreciate meat, but treating a premium carb source like rice lowly is a surprise.

12 GHz on 180nm? Sorry, that's not possible. What's the actual clock speed?

Because you can just look into it and see if it's what you sent fof production, and if not and the word gets out you are done as a fab. Fab business is about trust. You also should trust that your design isn't leaked to the competition.

It's very common to xray the dies, especially for debugging. Also common is to etch it layer by layer, take photos and rebuild the circuit schematic, mainly for reverse engineering but I've seen companies doing it to their own dies too.

Things get more blurry at the board level, the combinations of suppliers and service providers are endless.