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Syzygies

3,995 karma · joined July 17, 2016

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Syzygies··on Color appearance and the end of Hering’s Opponent-Colors theory
Exactly. It's the best proxy for grayscale detail.

One could have balanced RGB in a hexagonal grid. That's harder to build and slower to process.

He would have considered a hex grid, but our rectilinear cognitive bias was pretty entrenched. Before this work, he programmed an entire image processing system in the "ed" PDP editor, manipulating character arrays. That experience influenced both the Bayer filter and Bayer dithering. And it taught me to look for simple ways to do things.

Syzygies··on Color appearance and the end of Hering’s Opponent-Colors theory
As a mathematician I'm hypersensitive to people overreaching with theory. It's often the King's clothes. There are indisputable reasons why a musical fifth sounds good, but vision is more organic. Evolution has left us with many layers of color perception, like an out-of-control code base. Sure, anything can be fit to a model if we ignore the parts that don't fit; that's how theory intoxicates.

My father devised the "Bayer filter" for digital photography, and favored green for practical reasons that have stood the test of time. There is some theory that applies here, it's just not the same as harmonics and sound.

I'd love to code up a machine learning project that showed the user many color combinations, responding to feedback. Willem de Kooning for example painted with an extraordinarily original palette. Could we tailor our own color palettes, with an AI assist?

Syzygies··on Grumpy Locals Are Sabotaging Cruise and Waymo Robotaxis with Traffic Cones
"I'm sorry Dave, I'm afraid I can't do that" is the actual quote from 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968).

I also love the scene where Dave takes Hal apart. We've always called the first computation the Macaulay computer algebra system completed "Hal's Song".

Syzygies··on Buying an iPad Pro for coding was a mistake
Or get both? As a research mathematician, my iPad Pro is for drawing mathematics and reading papers, to get me away from a 32" screen when I'm not coding. The MacBook Air is for when I can't be at my 32" screen.

Coding intricate data structures is like teaching the computer chess. It helps if you understand chess. I can't imagine understanding what I want my code to do, without an involved process of drawing everything repeatedly in many variations.

Someday there will be an iPad drawing editor like Emacs, arbitrarily scriptable using further drawings, never putting down the Apple Pencil. We're still at the earliest stages of "word processing" technical art; this evolution is still to come.

Syzygies··on The power of keeping a coding journal (2014)
Years ago I kept a journal of every bug, coding in pre-ANSI C. I figured that with care, I'd never make the same mistake twice.

I found the list years later. Last entry: "Forgot to eat. Got sick."

Syzygies··on The Making of the First Ever Fully Painted Feature Film “Loving Vincent”
I want to take computer-generated math animation, and transform it to look as if I hand drew every frame. This must be within the reach of consumer AI by now? I'll be happy to hand draw a large training set. Otherwise I don't know where to start.

There are have long been musicians in the digital realm who develop their own tools. Visual arts should be ripe to similarly explode, with interactive content for VR headsets an emerging genre.

We could accelerate this evolution, by teaching artists the tools that are ready now.

Syzygies··on Clever code considered harmful
I stopped reading after the Haskell example, which looked idiomatic and reasonable to me. Yes it's short; that's a reason to learn Haskell. I'd much rather code in the shower than handcuffed to a keyboard.
Syzygies··on Ditherpunk – The article I wish I had about monochrome image dithering (2021)
Wow. I didn't expect visiting HN to read about my Dad (Bryce Bayer) again!
Syzygies··on The D.E.N.N.I.S. system: Résumé tips for Senior Devs
I needed a sample LaTeX vita file in the early 1980's. I had logins on various math department servers, so I searched from root on each machine, and decided to base my vita on David Mumford's vita source file.

That says something about privacy in the era. I felt that what I did was entirely in the spirit of the default file permissions. Various people were nevertheless horrified when they learned that this search was even possible.

Syzygies··on The D.E.N.N.I.S. system: Résumé tips for Senior Devs
Anyone who follows an acronym for advice isn't cut out to be an effective manager.
Syzygies··on Show HN: Devil Mode: A twisted Emacs key translator for modifier-free editing
This could be done more cleanly in keyboard firmware.

I recovered from a deep dive into mechanical keyboards by trying Topre switches, the obsession killer. I now have four Leopold FC660C keyboards with Hasu FC660C controllers, with custom QMK firmware.

After many experiments, I've been won over by making every key near home row a "tap / hold" key. Tap for usual keystroke, hold as a modifier to access a custom keyboard layer with the other hand.

This is an empirical question. I've learned chording keyboards. I had the original FingerWorks TouchStream multitouch keyboard, tech which Apple turned into the iPhone. I've owned various ergonomic and small keyboards. I've tried many versions of my own firmware. I learned Dvorak on a one-handed half keyboard, and experienced the miracle of knowing how to type Dvorak both hands with no practice. Brain plasticity is very important to me; I've tried everything I can.

"One finger each hand, near home row" is stripped down chording that wins hands down over any other typing system I've ever tried. Taking advantage of the quadratic address space (versus a linear multiple using a fixed set of modifier keys), I control every aspect of my computer this way.

"Control-Xylophone" has kept me from ever accepting Emacs. I should write a two finger chording interface to Emacs, in the spirit of Devil Mode.

Leopold FC660C Mechanical Keyboard https://mechanicalkeyboards.com/shop/index.php?l=product_det...

Hasu FC660C Controller https://1upkeyboards.com/shop/controllers/fc660c-controller/

Syzygies··on Digital Security Tips to Prevent the Cops from Ruining Your Trip Abroad
"Travel" shouldn't be considered a special risk. I had my laptop stolen on a San Francisco BART train.

It is possible to set up Apple devices so they're bricks in anyone else's hands. If you're not satisfied with your level of security for travel, why are you comfortable taking your device out of a locked safe?

Syzygies··on Ask HN: Most interesting tech you built for just yourself?
Analog circuit code golfing:

Long ago, a current mirror to charge a 12v battery bank from a "12v" iPod charger, evading the usual regulator voltage drop.

More recently, a circuit to trip a solenoid when a bit of hot dog goes missing from two leads.

I needed two op amps for sensitivity, because over a day or so the hot dog dries up to nearly an open circuit. Still, only a handful of parts, on the smallest breadboard made.

Yes, I'm a walking cliche, a better rat trap. My only excuse is this was during the pandemic. I excelled at an electronics segment of shop class back in 1968 junior high school, and I never asked my parents for a kit to go on from there.

Syzygies··on Use Gröbner bases to solve polynomial equations
I was at a conference in Germany where Faugère presented his work. The room was stunned, but didn't understand. Hendrik Lenstra asked me to spend several days with Faugère, then give an expository talk. My marching orders: Assume nothing: groups, rings, fields.

I ended up lecturing on Gröbner Bases and Faugère's algorithm to an audience that included Buchberger and Faugère. Faugère appreciated my efforts. Buchberger was like a shook up soda bottle; he made a twenty minute speech during the question period.

I coauthored the computer algebra system Macaulay, that first introduced Gröbner Bases to algebraic geometry, opening up the field to applications. At the time there was a separate community in France studying "standard bases", from which I learned a lot. Their focus was on power series not polynomials, but the translation is easy.

Algebraic geometry is a great subject, and computerizing it was a noble cause, but it thrust me into a backwater where the difference between polynomials and power series is considering significant. I got out.

Syzygies··on Darke Files is a version control and file synchronization system
I've tested a lot of file synchronization software. I rely via scripts on Unison, originally authored by the computer scientist Benjamin Pierce, and now decades of tweaking by a strong open source community.

https://github.com/bcpierce00/unison

I'd love to see Darke Files get everything right that Unison gets right, that nearly all commercial projects get wrong, through the usual blend of arrogance and ignorance:

* Meta data. It takes a lot to insure that two copies of a MacOS file appear identical to a user. There used to be a test suite on the web that embarrassed everybody.

* Atomic folders such as ".git" or an application bundle. A prototypical example is a MacOS sparse disk bundle, supported by a folder of many small files. This makes incremental backup and transfer more efficient, assuming a single source. Unison lets you specify the conflict resolution at the folder level, all-or-nothing decide which copy or fix it.

* Symbolic links. This is wildly complicated by users, sure they're right, who want special handling to hack features into sync software that aren't there. A symbolic link is just a file, with correct use the responsibility of the user. You wouldn't want sync software stopping to view your porn, right? They're just files, not the sync software's business.

I use Dropbox for various purposes because I need to, but they bungle more of this than one would expect. For example, a typical MacOS application bundle can have internal symbolic links a typical user never notices, pointing the "current" version of resources to a versioned folder. Last I checked, Dropbox expands the symbolic link into a redundant copy, wasting space without kneecapping the app.

One could go on... I've given up on reporting these issues, though the responses would make a hilarious blog post.

Syzygies··on Zig build system
I fell in love with the ninja build system recently. It's machine language for build systems, and I can write my own scripts to generate the ninja build file, rather than introducing any new language from someone else just for build descriptions.

Is ninja not expressive enough for your needs?

Syzygies··on I’ve been single all my life
As a professor in office hours last night, my students were expressing anxiety about age thirty, as if that was old. Was I really saying people kept getting smarter past thirty?

"Perhaps, wiser. And at least you can go more than forty seconds without thinking about sex."

We're all different.

Syzygies··on The RIAA vs. Steve Jobs
Most Rogue Amoeba software requires an "ACE" extension incompatible with Activation Lock.
Syzygies··on Something Pretty Right: The History and Legacy of Visual Basic
"Alas, the final product horrified Cooper—who loathed BASIC"

This so reminded me of that wolf-to-dog "What could go wrong" meme.

https://imgur.com/uVJPlZF

Syzygies··on Emptying the dishwasher with systems theory
Yes! A magnet is an extra step, off the critical path. One needs to add soap eventually; why not use it as signal? This is the same principle I keep trying to explain to my college: Data should be entered ONCE then sourced everywhere needed.

This is my system for my work apartment. My wife rejects it at home, for reasons I don't understand well enough to relay. I go along, I want to stay married.

On that theme, why is this post about emptying a dishwasher? The crucial issue in most good marriages is how to load the dishwasher. Emptying is pretty obvious.

Syzygies··on “Healthy obesity” doesn’t exist. It is unequivocally bad for you
Thinking obesity is one number is as dumb as thinking intelligence is one number. Card counting used to be one number, till they realized how much better two numbers did. Yet in this day of smart phones, one still sees geriatricians calculating stroke risk using a rule they can do in their heads. I'd rather trust my health care to prediction markets, if we could work through the data privacy issues.

So where's the BMI table that asks height and "how wide are your shoulders?"

For some of us, "big boned" isn't a euphemism.

Syzygies··on What Is Synthetic Data? The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
I've been on various NSF grant panels. One was math / applied math / statistics. Everyone shares their concerns reading proposals, that's how one builds cred. Synthetic data got mentioned.

Late in the decision process, I couldn't resist, I blurted out the joke that had been on my mind for days,

"I can't believe it's not data!"

("Not butter", if you're young for the margarine commercial reference.)

This did not go over well, and probably cost math a grant.

Syzygies··on APL Since 1978 (2020) [pdf]
> you basically need so see every compute problem as an array problem and immediately see patterns for how to solve them.

I was briefly a commercial APL programmer, after APL blew my mind in college. (An IBM 1130 running Fortran punched cards was the competition.) How much mileage one can get from "Every problem as an array problem" was APL's singular lesson for me, to this day.

In the same idea box for me: Monadic parsers in Haskell can be mind-blowing, but every problem isn't a string problem. Every problem is a algebraic data structure problem. They can be parsed and transformed as a natural generalization of strings. And, I love Lisps but they are as stuck in the past as APL, I truly believe that in 1,000 runs of the simulation our world would come out bottom 10% on how naturally we manipulate macros. Macros look strapped on; we're living in a first draft.

The goal of any advanced programming language should be to expose the thought process as a form of algebra, so we can learn to fly. APL did this well for its time. This is the appeal of languages like Haskell. We have barely scratched the surface of the algebra of parsing combinators, as a potential backbone for programming.

My imagined successor to APL is in spirit only: It is so agile at implementing macros as monadic parsing of algebraic data types that all other problems become easy.

Syzygies··on How white can white paint get?
Once I recognized that art supplies can substitute for construction materials, this opened up a world for me. For example, though miscommunication I had many holes to fill in some period kitchen cabinet doors in my house. The normal sequence would be filler, primer, cabinet paint. Instead I played with stiff acrylic modeling compound. I got the paint store to give me a sample of what they squirt into the paint, and I played around with the pigment and different mediums until the color and gloss was an exact match. Now I could fill each hole in one pass, no painting, and no one could find the hole afterwards.
Syzygies··on How white can white paint get?
Two decades ago I painted my apartment with artist grade titanium white acrylic. It still looks new.

A temperament that I share with everyone on HN is a suspicion of convention. So many common practices are dumb that it's hard to see each one coming in advance. One is always on edge waiting for the next shoe to drop. I'm supposed to spend days clearing my apartment, so the bottom rung of the construction trades can come in using paint that only lasts four years, dabbing hanging peels back in place with their brushes? Why did I actually have to go through this once to see this is the poster child for "stupid"?

I've also never understood the fashion choice of "off white". Titanium white is brighter, a better lit room day or night. It can become a color mirror, where a corner looks red because a red object is nearby.

For anyone tempted to try this, the student grades have less pigment, and the most expensive brands have the most pigment. It would also appear in an art supply store that there's only one kind of primer, and mediums vary only by gloss. Going to the manufacturer's sites, there are variations intended to survive the outside wall of a building. One could probably wind up someone on a phone call, and get excellent advice on which products to use. On the other hand, I used what I found at Pearl Paint in NYC, and it held up fine.

Syzygies··on Sauce that survived Italy’s war on pasta
I've been planning to put up a web site with plans, as most DIY plans out there are rather sketchy. For most DIY engineering projects I have a pretty good idea of the practical physics, but this challenged me and involved some false steps on the way to a working design. What heat and airflow did I need? That was an empirical question, I couldn't find equations that were relevant to practice in this instance.

I have to go to work shortly, I'll try to update this if you check back.

My heat source is a Cadet Com-Pak 1500-Watt 120-Volt Fan Heater, suspended by metal angle irons in a cradle underneath the unit, intake filtered by a generic 12" air filter. I convinced myself that the wood never got hot because of the gap and airflow, but the auto shutoff in the heater itself was too sensitive for me to drive the dehydrator hard. I shorted its thermostat and added my own from Digikey. This allows me to aim for temps up to 145 F without the heater cutting out.

I regulate the temperature using a Ranco Electronic Temperature Control from a beer making supply company.

I regulate airflow using a AIRTITAN T8-N, CRAWL SPACE AND BASEMENT VENTILATOR FAN. Expensive but slick.

The dehydrator operates very effectively if one has outdoor barbecue experience. While I managed to weave the airflow tray to tray, one needs to tend the trays every few hours, and there can be front or back edge effects from a leaky airflow. This is nothing new to anyone comfortable with fires, but frustrating if one expects a perfect abstraction. Believe me, I've thought about redesigns with perfect air mixing, and they all double the size of the unit, which already looks like a washing machine.

The Italian grandmothers making estrattu on tables in the Sicilian sun have to worry about which tables first get afternoon shade. Nothing new here, the issues just take a different form.

This relates to your temperature measurement question. I choose middle locations for both thermostat probes, and I also have two TelTrue analog thermometers. Like BBQ, the idea of a single temperature is misleading. One flies this ship somehow, with better results than I know how to obtain any other way.

Syzygies··on Sauce that survived Italy’s war on pasta
Tom Colicchio, Thomas Keller, Paul Bertoli and many other chefs have their version of "precious tomatoes", a tomato confit. None of these recipes scale. After many years of struggling with home dehydrators, I bought one of those full sheet pan carts you see in bakeries, enclosed it in nice plywood, added a 1500W wall heater, brewery temperature regulator, and a crawl space fan that looks like it belongs in a stereo rack. The top and bottom sheet pans serve as buffers and spares, but the middle six sheet pans (lined with silpat) can process 60 lbs of heirloom garden tomatoes at a time. We often grow twenty plants and supply family and friends, so this scale is necessary.

We skin, slice, spread onto oiled silpat, salt, and partially dry tomatoes till "gooshy", about 25% of original wet weight. We then vacuum pack 220g or so to a pouch, and store in a chest freezer till needed.

This equipment also makes great southern Italian concentrated tomato paste, "estrattu". My favorite tomatoes for these are dry-farmed Santa Cruz Early Girls, which I'm put up in a blind taste test against any tomato grown in Italy.

Cleanup is pretty easy, on the lawn with an electric pressure washer. This is a good time to give one's molcajete a cleaning too, if the coarse stone has been trapping food.

I can't eat canned tomatoes; I have to avoid tomato dishes in even the fanciest Italian restaurants. It baffles me why no one is doing what I do on a commercial scale to supply their restaurants, selling the extra through Eataly.

Syzygies··on Apple’s Mac security is so good, it’s sending used M1 MacBooks to the scrap heap
I nevertheless had my M2 MacBook stolen on BART in San Francisco last month. This wouldn't have happened if it were universally understood that stolen MacBooks are worthless. My interaction went smoothly, but this could have gone badly.

If all buyers checked that the activation lock was disabled before sale, we wouldn't be having this discussion. I prefer the reduction in crime that activation lock promises.

Syzygies··on macOS CLI tool to configure multi-display resolutions and arrangements
I had a rather expensive monitor that would sometimes refuse to wake up. I ended up scripting an Alfred keystroke to use AppleScript and System Preferences to toggle the resolution, which would wake up the screen. This would be easier, as I could simply SSH in from another machine.
Syzygies··on The State of the Awk (2020)
Of course, the most important story related to AWK is that of Peter Weinberger's face.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_J._Weinberger

https://spinroot.com/pico/pjw.html

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