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0wing

410 karma · joined December 19, 2017

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0wing··on Why I find IOTA alarming
1. The attack the MIT team developed on IOTA was a way to efficiently brute force wallet key combos to forge transactions of funds.

2. Every other cryptocurrency has implemented the seed generator as it's the most basic and fundamental feature necessary for this type of software. It's so trivial to implement, it really begs the question of why the IOTA team didn't just include it in all their software releases.

3. The comment CEO David Sønstebø was directly replying to was just commenting on how confusing the software is compared to other cryptocurrency wallets:

  I know it sounds simple newb mistake, but even me I 
  probably would have made that mistake and having been 
  using crypto for a while.

  So to sum it up don't use same receive address in IOTA. 
  I'll try to burn that in the back of my brain.
To add insult to injury regarding the OP who lost $30,000, it sure sounded like David was indirectly referencing that users loss with his response to the above comment

  "Price to pay for quantum security :) " - David Sønstebø, IOTA CEO
0wing··on Why I find IOTA alarming
1. The vulnrability existed in their active codebase and network - only AFTER the research team contacted IOTA with the working exploit did they shut the entire (centralized) network down to patch the code.

  “In 2017, leaving your crypto algorithm vulnerable to 
  differential cryptanalysis is a rookie mistake. It says 
  that no one of any calibre analyzed their system, and that 
  the odds that their fix makes the system secure is low,” 
   

  Bruce Schneier, renowned security technologist, 
  about IOTA when we shared our attack.



  We discovered a vulnerability in IOTA after reviewing 
  their code on GitHub in July. We disclosed what we found 
  to the IOTA team on July 14th, and have been in contact 
  with them since then as we discovered new issues and 
  exploits. IOTA issued a patch that addresses the 
  vulnerabilities we found on August 7th. IOTA no longer has 
  the vulnerabilities we found, they have been fixed. To 
  learn more about the details of our attack, you can view 
  the full disclosure and review our attack examples.

https://github.com/mit-dci/tangled-curl/blob/master/vuln-iot...

https://github.com/mit-dci/tangled-curl

2. If every other cryptocurrency software team can impliment seed generation in their wallet software, why does IOTA refuse to?

3. Please read this comment from the CEO of IOTA, David Sønstebø on why he doesn't care if you lose money using IOTA: https://reddit.com/r/CryptoCurrency/comments/7gwl38/hello_gu...

0wing··on How a malicious seed generation website stole $4M
Ok that's a fair point.
0wing··on How a malicious seed generation website stole $4M
IOTA designers decided to leave out the seed generation function of their software, which predictably let 3rd parties like the one in the article create a malicious seed to exploit the platform.

Every other cryptocurrency software can facilitate wallet generation seeds natively, why does IOTA refuse to implement it?

I'm simply providing historical facts. Your bias as an invested speculator is clear. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15634175

The response to the IOTA hash flaw has a followup from MIT as well:

https://www.media.mit.edu/posts/iota-response/

  On Friday, MIT Technology Review published an article on 
  the cryptocurrency IOTA. The headline stated that the 
  currency “could outperform Bitcoin.” However, we here at 
  the MIT Media Lab have issues with the story. 
  Specifically, my colleagues in the Digital Currency 
  Initiative (DCI) recently uncovered a gaping hole in 
  IOTA’s software. And while that flaw has now been patched, 
  we certainly disagree with reporter Michael Orcutt’s 
  assertion that IOTA is “secure.” As the Director of the 
  MIT Media Lab, I felt it important we outline our specific 
  concerns. 


  — Joi*

Quote One:

  “The rally began in late November, after the IOTA 
  Foundation, the German nonprofit behind the novel 
  cryptocurrency, announced that it was teaming up with 
  several major technology firms to develop a ‘decentralized 
  data marketplace.’” The article goes on to say: “And the 
  high-profile names participating in its data market pilot—
  including Microsoft, Deutsche Telekom, and Fujitsu—suggest 
  IOTA is onto something.”

Response One:

  IOTA’s relationships with top-tier companies continue to 
  be nebulous.


  In the Technology Review article, Orcutt linked to a 
  November 28, 2017 blog post from IOTA that gave the 
  perception that Microsoft was a partner in the 
  marketplace. However, after a flurry of media reports 
  making this claim, IOTA corrected their relationship 
  status with top-tier companies like Microsoft, Cisco, and 
  Huawei in a blog post dated December 16. That the MIT Tech 
  Review story links to IOTA’s initial blog post instead of 
  the later version is misleading.

Quote Two:

  Though IOTA tokens can be used like any other 
  cryptocurrency, the protocol was designed specifically for 
  use on connected devices, says cofounder David Sønstebø. 
  Organizations collect huge amounts of data from these 
  gadgets, from weather tracking systems to sensors that 
  monitor the performance of industrial machinery (a.k.a. 
  the Internet of things). But nearly all of that 
  information is wasted, sitting in siloed databases and not 
  making money for its owners, says Sønstebø.


  IOTA’s system can address this in two ways, he says. 
  First, it can assure the integrity of this data by 
  securing it in a tamper-proof decentralized ledger.


Response Two:

  Whether or not IOTA’s ledger is “tamper-proof,” the entire 
  IOTA network went down in November, and was completely 
  inoperable for about three days. That this has never 
  happened in Bitcoin or Ethereum suggests the extent to 
  which the IOTA network relies on the “coordinator”—a 
  single point of failure—and is not truly decentralized.


  Also troubling, IOTA developers were able to transfer 
  funds out of users’ IOTA accounts. The user was then 
  required to participate in a “reclaim” process to request 
  their funds. We believe IOTA’s developers should not have 
  access to such funds; it’s rife with risk.

Quote Three:

  Second, it enables fee-less transactions between the 
  owners of the data and anyone who wants to buy it—and 
  there are plenty of companies that want to get their hands 
  on data.


  Now, here’s where things get really interesting. Instead 
  of a blockchain, IOTA uses a “tangle,” which is based on a 
  mathematical concept called a directed acyclic graph. 
  Sønstebø says his team pursued an alternative approach 
  after deciding that blockchains are too costly—it has 
  recently cost as much as $20 per Bitcoin transaction 
  because of high demand—and inefficient to operate at the 
  scale required for the Internet of things.

Response Three:

  Orcutt’s claim that IOTA is free of fees is misleading. 
  Though perhaps not immediately obvious, IOTA transactions 
  are "zero fee" in exactly the same way that Bitcoin 
  transactions are. An important difference is that Bitcoin 
  has miners who can perform the proof of work for you, 
  while IOTA users do the proof of work on their own 
  devices, per transaction. However, a Bitcoin user can also 
  mine their own block to get their transactions accepted 
  into the blockchain without paying fees. To put it another 
  way, most people wouldn’t be interested in buying a 
  refrigerator operated by a hand crank, even if the 
  advertisement said “No electricity required!”


  It’s true that transactions with Bitcoin and other digital 
  currencies, even when amortized over a block with 
  thousands of other transactions, require much more work 
  than transactions in IOTA. However, the claim is not that 
  IOTA transactions are easier—the claim appears to be that 
  IOTA transactions are free.


  Semantics aside, this claim, which appears in IOTA 
  marketing materials, is deceptive; the work required is a 
  fee, whether or not it requires a monetary payment. 
  Restricting the ways in which the fee can be 
  paid—requiring that the work be done on a user’s own 
  device—doesn’t make it go away.

Quote Four:

  “In August, researchers from MIT and Boston University 
  reported that they discovered a “serious vulnerability” in 
  a novel cryptographic technique IOTA was using. IOTA has 
  patched the vulnerability, and Sønstebø says that security 
  measures in place would have prevented anyone from losing 
  funds. The foundation has hired a third-party firm to help 
  it continue to develop the technique, which Sønstebø says 
  represents the kind of “lightweight cryptography” needed 
  for low-power connected devices, like sensors.”

Response Four:

  Once the Digital Currency Initiative published the break 
  in IOTA’s curl hash function, its author, Sergey 
  Ivancheglo, offered two conflicting explanations for the 
  vulnerability.


  The first explanation was that the flaw was 
  intentional—that it was meant to serve as a form of “copy 
  protection.” If anyone used this code in their own work, 
  he said, the IOTA developers would be able to exploit the 
  flaw and damage other systems that were using the hash 
  function. However, later, he offered a conflicting 
  explanation that he didn’t write the curl at all, but that
   an AI wrote it.


  We do not find either of these explanations convincing, 
  even in isolation. That they contradict each other makes 
  them even less so.
0wing··on How a malicious seed generation website stole $4M
If you read the article you would see it's about IOTA.

More importantly, IOTA never implemented seed generation into their native client software. With this being THE central function to their entire platform, one has to question the priorities and motives of the team behind this project.

When coupled with the comments by the CEO, one has to ask if the negligence is so absurdly severe it's malicious?

0wing··on Diamond Blockchain Initiative
There's something very poetic about this, as the similarities of diamond cartels [1] and cryptocurrencies [2] effectively granting a small amount of people the control the majority of supplies of artificially constrained assets both of which have vastly inflated prices relative to production costs.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Beers#Diamond_monopoly

[2] http://www.businessinsider.com/bitcoin-inequality-2014-1

0wing··on How a malicious seed generation website stole $4M
IOTA has been notoriously famous for rolling their own flawed hash function which allowed researches to develop a working PoC for hash collision attacks.

https://medium.com/@neha/cryptographic-vulnerabilities-in-io...

The CEO of IOTA David Sonstebo tells his users it's not his problem if they lose money using IOTA because they're too dumb to understand the design flaws: https://np.reddit.com/r/CryptoCurrency/comments/7gwl38/hello...

Yikes.

IOTA also relies on a centralized sever owned and operated by David Sonstebo which takes periodic snapshots so transactions can be rolled back if the IOTA devs ever feel the want to. https://domschiener.gitbooks.io/iota-guide/content/chapter1/...

Further reading:

Nick Johnson: Why I Find IOTA Deeply Alarming https://hackernoon.com/why-i-find-iota-deeply-alarming-934f1...

Daniel Rice: Why I Also Find IOTA Deeply Alarming https://medium.com/@thedrbits/why-i-also-find-iota-deeply-al...

Eric Wall: IOTA Is Centralized https://medium.com/@ercwl/iota-is-centralized-6289246e7b4d

Sidenote the founding developer of IOTA, Sergey Ivancheglo claims to have built a time machine http://come-from-beyond.com/about-me/

0wing··on Tokyo-based cryptocurrency exchange hacked, losing $530M: NHK
Except you can't get usable fiat out?

There needs to be an endpoint distributor of physical cash, SWIFT, or wire transfers of real fiat and those end points are subject to regulation just like localbitcoins or ATM machines are subject to regulation.

Can you explain how a decenteralized exchange provides USD?

abstracted IOU "stable-tokens" like Tether are NOT USD, see the case of Liberty Reserve [1] or [2]

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_Reserve

[2] https://hackernoon.com/the-curious-tale-of-tethers-6b0031eea...

https://medium.com/@bitfinexed/are-fraudulent-tethers-being-...

0wing··on Tokyo-based cryptocurrency exchange hacked, losing $530M: NHK
Isn't that just what Kraken or Coinbase already does?

Someone needs to be the operator of exchange between fiat and crypto, at which point they and you will be subject to tax and regulation.

Anyone who operates an exchange is subject to money transmitter laws and KYC laws.

Anytime you convert from cryptocoins to fiat, you're subject to capital gains tax if you're a US citizen.

https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2014/01/27/bitcoin-deale...

https://cointelegraph.com/tags/localbitcoins

0wing··on 2018 Stellar roadmap

  The difference is crypto is a chance to get in at the top 
  for once.
Not if you buy other cryptocoins like Bitcoin or Ethereum that someone else created for nothing to sell to bagholders. All you're doing there is becoming a late adopter and you must pray you're not too late in the pyramid that you'll be able to sell to some other speculator at a price higher than you bought meanwhile you're at a 1000x-10,000x disadvantage to anyone who acquired the coin for pennies/fractions of the cost to you. Simple game theory.

Anyone who wants to just needs to create their own crypto-asset and market it like the others to convince "speculators" it's worth purchasing.

Notice how bitcoin/cryptocoin advocates tell others to "HODL" - psychological manipulation is needed to maintain the artificial market scarcity as there's no real demand, use, or acceptance from retailers. [1]

If you're genuinely concerned about control of the money supply, you would voice concern about how cryptocoins are majority owned by only a few hundred people [2] and because of how tether [3] has been marketed and used on exchanges it's essentially like the federal reserve of cryptocurrencies except it's just 2 guys and it's alleged to be backed by nothing which could mean they're stealing large amounts of cryptocoins. Given all the theft in the cryptocoin system, one might wonder if regulations and security standards exist for a reason. What happens if thieves become the majority wealth holders of all the cryptocoins?

[1] https://stripe.com/blog/ending-bitcoin-support

https://steamcommunity.com/games/593110/announcements/detail...

[2] http://www.businessinsider.com/bitcoin-inequality-2014-1

[3] https://medium.com/@bitfinexed/

0wing··on 2018 Stellar roadmap
These are common misconceptions from speculators.

1. Crypto-assets like Bitcoin/Ethereum/Steller/Ripple, etc, are created simply by typing some numbers into a piece of software. There's no underlying value, it's a number in a database.

2. Stocks have measurable value, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price%E2%80%93earnings_ratio

3. Anytime someone sells a Bitcoin or whatevercoin it requires a buyer. Similar to baseball cards, beanie babies, or other artifitially scarce yet easy to produce asset, the market is subject to supply and demand. In the case of cryptocoins, the supply is created and distributed to a small group of users who horde it, in the hope that new users will come in and purchase the coins for more than it cost to create them. This is a hallmark of a typical pyramid scam, which collapses once no more investors can be found, leaving the late adopters holding now worthless "coins".

4. Stocks in Amazon and businesses grant you legal rights, and if the company goes bankrupt you are entitled to compensation from their assets.

0wing··on Turning Down a Blockchain Job Offer
One person can control many addresses.

If the supply is produced in a limited time frame, then the limited amount of people who had accesses to production will control the supply.

0wing··on One Bitcoin miner is buying 20,000 16nm wafers from TSMC per month
That doesn't mean anything.

Bitcoin network bandwidth remains the same, and energy usage has continued to increase in a race to the bottom in terms of work and waste for bitcoin mining - this is by design of how Satoshi's difficulty algorithm reduces efficiency with increase in hash rates.

0wing··on The U.S. will impose duties on solar equipment and washing machines made abroad
Why not target oil/coal/all energy sources to remove the obvious bias?
0wing··on Turning Down a Blockchain Job Offer
The first result of a search reveals a bot to automate Raiblock captcha style PoW.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3YR8eebMTF0 8,254 views

It sounds like Raiblock production/minting/distribution is finalized? How could you measure the Gini coefficient of Raiblocks, how do we know it's not worse especially considering even smaller window of time where people were allowed to participate in the minting and distribution of the supply?

0wing··on Turning Down a Blockchain Job Offer

  Best estimates are that there are about one million 
  holders of Bitcoin;  47 individuals hold about 30 percent, 
  another 900 hold a further 20 percent, the next 10,000 
  about 25% and another million about 20%, with 5% being 
  lost.  So 1/10th of one percent represent about half the 
  holdings of Bitcoin and 1 percent close to 80 percent 
  (http://www.businessinsider.com/927-people-own-half-
  of-the-bitcoins-2013-12). The concentration of Litecoin 
  ownership is similar 
  (http://litecoin-rich-list.blogspot.com).  
  Most of the big wallets have been in place from early on, 
  so sitting back and watching your capital grow has been a 
  very successful strategy.


  The distribution of Bitcoin holdings  looks much like the 
  distribution of wealth in North Korea and makes the 
  China’s and even the US’ wealth distribution look like 
  that of a workers’ paradise [1]


  Both Bitcoin and Ethereum mining are very centralized, 
  with the top four miners in Bitcoin and the top three 
  miners in Ethereum controlling more than 50% of the hash rate. [2]

Even taking a conservative skewed estimate [3] of wealth distribution in Bitcoin, it's about twice as worse than normal capital oligarchy. This is because PoW* style cryptocoins allow anyone with capital to proportionally extract the limited supply of Bitcoins/Cryptocoins/Altcoins/Tokens/Etc - but often significantly worse due to how Satoshi style PoW algorithms produce the majority of the supply in a short time frame. Worse yet are the premined networks, like Ripple, NEM, ERC20 Tokens, NEO, Ethereum, and so on.

[1] http://www.businessinsider.com/bitcoin-inequality-2014-1

[2] http://hackingdistributed.com/2018/01/15/decentralization-bi...

[3] https://medium.com/@BambouClub/are-you-in-the-bitcoin-1-a-ne...

* Proof of Stake will exacerbate wealth centralization, due to statistical probability of block rewards going to the wealthiest, perpetually increasing their odds of further newly minted coins.

0wing··on Shitcoin vs. buttcoin: a dummies guide to cryptocurrency manipulation
There's no "investing" in crypto-assets.

Investing means you would make money from the activity of an underlying enterprise, but with cryptocoin software you're simply buying a number in a database that someone else already created. With each new block the supply inflates more. Sometimes the supply is premined. Often blockchain "startups" tokenize their service, which would be like if Gmail started asking for payments in gift cards but worse because the service or product doesn't even exist yet.

Most of these database tokens were created for little to no effort (see the 10,000BTC pizza).

Risks like Bitfinex/Tether [1] collapsing, or the unregulated exchanges manipulating prices along with those large stake holders cashing out could easily evaporate the price far below what the last few weeks have seen.

Market confidence could be lost and it would be incredibly hard to regain because database coins have no inherent value beyond the hope that you'll find another buyer.

[1] https://medium.com/@bitfinexed/latest

https://prestonbyrne.com/2017/12/08/bitcoin_ponzi/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6r04gfWfRkE

0wing··on Shitcoin vs. buttcoin: a dummies guide to cryptocurrency manipulation
If you confuse cryptocoins with stocks and shares in Companies with real world assets and obligations like Apple you're in for a dear surprise.

Cryptocoins are reproducible software databases. Production and minting of the supply is trivial.

0wing··on Goldman Sachs Report Explores Use of Bitcoin as Currency
Your posts contribute nothing.

Shortest path requires publishing all nodes and connections.

What if nodes go offline? How fast will the LN algorithm reroute? Does this mean everyone must connect to the Winkevoss/Bitmain/WellsFargo Nodes for payments?

Why would anyone bother dealing in Bitcoin when there's other usable alternatives, faster cryptocurrencies, or just paypal/venmo?

0wing··on Goldman Sachs Report Explores Use of Bitcoin as Currency
???

The routing problem of internet nodes:

  the internet is not a physical space so tell me how do you
  measure distance between nodes?
To which you have no answer.

As stated in the OP:

  LN can't solve the TSP without either publishing a map of 
  all nodes and routes, or having all nodes broadcasts to all nodes. 

Unsurprisingly you didn't read the original post, nor contribute any response to the critique or technical implementation of routing in the LN design.

LN relies on hubs and a map. It's setup to extract wealth into centralized liquidity providers. This is antithetical to cash, and at this point why not use a faster centralized service like venmo?

0wing··on Goldman Sachs Report Explores Use of Bitcoin as Currency
1. The Bitcoin algorithm gave early Bitcoin miners much more of the supply for measurably less work/capital costs. Satoshi designed the supply to go almost entirely to early adopters. Just as easy the algorithm could have been designed to match work input with reward output, but instead all later users must work harder to earn less.

5. Ban exchanges, make sales/purchase illegal like how localbitcoin dealers being arrested for money transmission violations.

0wing··on Goldman Sachs Report Explores Use of Bitcoin as Currency
Right... except the internet is not a physical space so tell me how do you measure distance between nodes?

Latency?

Let's look at the Lightening network white paper:

  8.4 Payment Routing

  It is theoretically possible to build a route map 
  implicitly from observing 2-of-2 multisigs on the 
  blockchain to build a routing table. Note, however, this 
  is not feasible with pay-to-script-hash transaction 
  outputs, which can be resolved out-of-band from the 
  bitcoin protocol via a third party routing service. 
  Building a routing table will become necessary for large 
  operators (e.g. BGP, Cjdns). Eventually, with 
  optimizations, the network will look a lot like the 
  correspondent banking network, or Tier-1 ISPs.

So LN cites the need for large liquidity providers to act as hubs, essentially payment processor hubs.

Why not just use venmo at that point?

Why would someone want to use Bitcoin with the LN, especially if it requires them buying Bitcoin from someone else?

0wing··on Goldman Sachs Report Explores Use of Bitcoin as Currency
I cited BGP.

You've provided no technical details, only an ad hominem fallacy.

Feel free to explain actual technical details of how LN does anything interesting, other than further centralize Bitcoin into centralized payment processor hubs?

As per the LN white paper:

  8.4 Payment Routing

  It is theoretically possible to build a route map 
  implicitly from observing 2-of-2 multisigs on the 
  blockchain to build a routing table. Note, however, this 
  is not feasible with pay-to-script-hash transaction 
  outputs, which can be resolved out-of-band from the 
  bitcoin protocol via a third party routing service. 
  Building a routing table will become necessary for large 
  operators (e.g. BGP, Cjdns). Eventually, with 
  optimizations, the network will look a lot like the 
  correspondent banking network, or Tier-1 ISPs.
0wing··on Goldman Sachs Report Explores Use of Bitcoin as Currency
This is why there's thousands of new crypto-currency designs improving on the flaws of Satoshi's implementation.

Not only is it easy to start fresh, but it's measurably more fair for new users to avoid BTC/ETH and other early cryptocoins which use manipulative ponzi/pyramid like work:coin production:time algorithms which exploit "late" users.

0wing··on Goldman Sachs Report Explores Use of Bitcoin as Currency
There's no reason for new users to become bag holders.

Sellers and "HODLers" rely on psychological manipulation and ignorance of new users to sell bitcoins produced by the software for low effort.

0wing··on Goldman Sachs Report Explores Use of Bitcoin as Currency
Either the Lightning Network has found a solution to the routing problem which the entire internet has relied upon since 1989 [1], or the LN marketing is disingenuous and the actual implementation will be nothing more than an excuse to extract wealth to centralized payment processor hubs, further distancing Bitcoin from the main design of electronic cash:

  "A purely peer-to-peer version of electronic cash would 
  allow online payments to be sent directly from one party 
  to another without going through a financial institution."

[1] http://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/business/2015/05/31/net-of-...
0wing··on Goldman Sachs Report Explores Use of Bitcoin as Currency
Please explain how the Lightning Network developers solve an unsolved NP-Hard problem in computer science regarding routing? [1]

The Lightning Network design is exactly what the first sentence of Satoshi's Bitcoin whitepaper seeks to avoid - payment processor middlemen.

  "A purely peer-to-peer version of electronic cash would 
  allow online payments to be sent directly from one party 
  to another without going through a financial institution." [2]

The LN design was chosen as a solution by certain investors who want to extract fees as payment hub liquidity providers.

LN can't solve the TSP without either publishing a map of all nodes and routes, or having all nodes broadcasts to all nodes. The former significantly reduces decentralization and further removes the "electronic cash" aspect requiring payment processor hubs, while the latter will suffer from latency/scaling issues/DDoS susceptibility.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travelling_salesman_problem

[2] https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf

0wing··on Goldman Sachs Report Explores Use of Bitcoin as Currency
Correct, it's actually measurably worse.

As time passes, Bitcoin becomes more exploitative to new users. [1]

Not to mention, the bandwidth is severely crippled and the network is basically unusable for normal transacting. Take the case study of Steam discontinuing Bitcoin payments. [2]

[1] https://prestonbyrne.com/2017/12/08/bitcoin_ponzi/

[2] https://steamcommunity.com/games/593110/announcements/detail...

0wing··on Goldman Sachs Report Explores Use of Bitcoin as Currency
Bitcoin and blockchain systems are nearly all designed to exploit new users and extract capital from greater fools who are too late to the game and didn't read or understand the rules and fine print.

Satoshi's Bitcoin and many of the crypto-currencies that have followed create and distribute the supply that effectively creates a decentralized pyramid-ponzi scheme. Semantically, a more accurate term is needed;

Bitcoin is a Satoshi scheme,

.. or a "Nakamoto Scheme" https://prestonbyrne.com/2017/12/08/bitcoin_ponzi/

Imagine an economic policy that uses a "limited" amount of pie as "currency". Bitcoin gave half of this pie away to the first few users who arrived in exchange for the least amount of work/effort possible. Any user arriving later will need to waste more hashing power (computational work) in exchange for a smaller sum of newly generation coins for a successfully mined block reward. or the user might be convinced to purchase a previously produced coin from one of the early adopters. Buying a Bitcoin is worse than zero-sum, as money from buyers is exchanged for previously generated coins, the network must increasingly waste computations and energy.

Satoshi's economic model creates a system where participation is only beneficial if you can exploit the ignorance of another new user who enters the network after you. Bitcoin effectively relies on psychological manipulation though deceptive marketing claims like

  "Bitcoin is deflationary"
  "Bitcoin is rare"
  "Bitcoin is a store of value"
When what actually happens is you either need to enrich someone who generated the coin for far less than you're paying, or waste more electricity and computational work than other early users for significantly less share of the pie.

If you understand the computer science behind Bitcoin, you'll realize how ridiculous the false equivalency to gold is.

1. The claim of "rare" doesn't exactly hold true.

Consider the 10,000 BTC pizza - how did this happen? This was the direct result of Satoshi's economic policy, granting vast sums of BTC to mint out very quickly very early for a short duration to the very small pool of people who ran the software. Satoshi's algorithm produced BTC in plentiful quantities enabling the 10,000BTC pizza - thus it wasn't rare if you were Satoshi and the dozen other early whales hording as much as possible, until the algorithm begins cutting off the production and limiting later users from producing coins, starving the economy. Now there's a psychological game being played, where public relations and marketing must convince new users to buy in. Because the exchanges are unregulated, they can manipulate the spot price though wash trading and painting the tape [2] (where trades are falsified and you just sell the same item back and forth to your friend for a higher and higher price).

The supply was created by running a piece of software. It's not magic. Most of the supply was produced very early on and as much as 30% of all Bitcoins are owned by less than 100 people.

  Best estimates are that there are about one million 
  holders of Bitcoin;  47 individuals hold about 30 percent, 
  another 900 hold a further 20 percent, the next 10,000 
  about 25% and another million about 20%, with 5% being 
  lost.  So 1/10th of one percent represent about half the 
  holdings of Bitcoin and 1 percent close to 80 percent 
  (http://www.businessinsider.com/927-people-own-half-
  of-the-bitcoins-2013-12). The concentration of Litecoin 
  ownership is similar 
  (http://litecoin-rich-list.blogspot.com).  
  Most of the big wallets have been in place from early on, 
  so sitting back and watching your capital grow has been a 
  very successful strategy.


  The distribution of Bitcoin holdings  looks much like the 
  distribution of wealth in North Korea and makes the 
  China’s and even the US’ wealth distribution look like 
  that of a workers’ paradise
2. Easy migration to more advanced e-cash services See: https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/views/all/

3. Bitcoin network requires ASIC miners, largely centralized in China [3]. Assuming the inveitable surpassing of a more advanced cryptosytem making Bitcoin obsolete, as the market is informed there will be a decline in BTC's spot price and once this falls below the cost of OPEX for miners, the hardware goes offline and the network will cease to function. Maximalists will attempt to offer an emergency fork, in any attempt to save their "investment", just as they have developed the lightening network to create centeralized payment hubs, so "investors" can act as liquidity providors and take fees, instead of miners.

4. Electricty usage is unsustainable, GOTO 3

5. [4]

  Bitcoin value is make-believe just like money. But even 
  though there is bitcoin-sphere governance, there are no 
  bitcoin-sphere assets. Taxes are not paid in bitcoin. 
  There is no FDIC, only hackers that lift a million here 
  and there. And when nation-states decide its a nuisance, 
  what are the guns of bitcoin? It’s anonymity? From the 
  same government that created PRISM and then used 
  mind-magic* to make everyone forget about PRISM? Please. 
  You may think crypto-currencies that require more power 
  than a small country to run can fly under the radar, but 
  somehow I think not indefinitely. After all, becoming the 
  next big thing would mean its a threat to the American 
  dollar, do you really think the US Gov will shrug and say 
  “shucks bitcoin went from a ponzi-novelty to something 
  that will totally usurp this hegemony we worked so hard to 
  make. Guess we’ll have to call it a day.” (If you think 
  this, sell your Bitcoin and buy an imagination.)

  The day you can pay tax bills to a government in Bitcoin 
  is probably the day you can rest easy. Until then dear 
  Bitcoin holders, you do have something of value, just like 
  the Louisiana territory has value. But in this 1800’s 
  metaphor, what makes you so sure you’re America?

  Monopoly money is good to have, while the game is still 
  running. 
[1] https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/86/is-it-possibl...

http://www.businessinsider.com/bitcoin-inequality-2014-1

[2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6r04gfWfRkE

[3] https://qz.com/1055126/photos-china-has-one-of-worlds-larges...

[4] https://hackernoon.com/the-guns-of-bitcoin-1f779309a718

0wing··on Building for the Blockchain
Every system deserves critique and improvements.

Mining and staking algorithms have so far been measurably distributed disproportionately to a tiny minority of users. PoS is ironically manipulative in its own way, where an exchange or early adopter who controls a large sum will simply exponentially accumulate the newly minted coins.

For a algorithmic solution in software to persist beyond a fad like beanie babies or baseball cards, it necessitates a model which puts all users on equal footing for access, work, and production.

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