The following quote from the article highlights the difference between HORNET and Tor:
"Unlike onion routing protocols that use global re-routing through overlay networks (e.g., Tor [23] and I2P [47]), HORNET uses short paths created by the underlying network architecture to reduce la- tency, and is therefore bound by the network’s physical intercon- nection and ISP relationships. This is an unavoidable constraint for onion routing protocols built into the network layer [29, 42]."